NP235 EXAM 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 2024
What is Adrenal Crisis? - ANSWER Physical stress from the flu or other infection, or from surgery, can
send a patient with Addison disease into Addisonian crisis. Another situation that can cause symptoms of
acute lack of cortisol results from prescribed treatment.
What are s/s of adrenal crisis? - ANSWER The patient experiences generalized malaise and muscle
weakness, muscle pain, orthostatic hypotension, and vulnerability to cardiac dysrhythmias. Insufficiency
of the glucocorticoids affects blood glucose levels and causes symptoms of hypoglycemia. There is also
decreased secretion of gastrointestinal enzymes, which results in anorexia, nausea and vomiting,
flatulence, and diarrhea. These symptoms, as well as anxiety, depression, and loss of mental acuity, have
been correlated with the absence of the peaks of cortisol output that normally occur every 24 hours.
What is DIC? - ANSWER Damaged tissue liberates tissue thromboplastin, creating a state of excessive
clotting in the microcirculation throughout the body. When excessive clotting depletes the body's
clotting factors, hemorrhage follows, leading to hypotension or shock.
What are s/s of DIC - ANSWER Continued bleeding from an injection or IV site, extensive bruising in areas
of injury, ecchymoses where there has been no trauma, and petechiae.
There may be oral, vaginal, or rectal bleeding. Laboratory studies will reveal a decreased hemoglobin and
low platelet count.
The prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times will be increased.
The fibrinogen level is reduced, and the fibrin degradation products level is increased. The D-dimer result
is elevated.
What are s/s of hypoglycemia? - ANSWER Increase pulse, confusion, HA, Nervous, Nausea, Cool and
clammy skin, shaking
where is insulin manufactured in the body - ANSWER The pancreas is both an endocrine (secretes into
the bloodstream) and exocrine (secretes through a duct to the target tissues) gland. Its endocrine
function is to produce the hormones insulin and glucagon.
, What is diabetes mellitus type 2 - ANSWER formerly called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(NIDDM)—makes up 90% to 95% of all known cases of diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is believed to begin with insulin resistance, in which insulin interaction with glucose
becomes less efficient, and therefore glucose metabolism is abnormal.
More insulin is produced by the pancreas to maintain cellular metabolism. Type 2 diabetes has a
tendency to develop later in life than does type 1, and patients with type 2 rarely develop diabetic
ketoacidosis.
What are some risk factors for DM type 2? - ANSWER obesity
asian, hispanic, african american, American Indian
In type 2 diabetes there also seems to be a relationship to aging and a reduction in the function of the
pancreatic beta cells and how they synthesize insulin.
Raynaud's disease - ANSWER characterized by spasm of the arteries of the upper and lower extremities
with an exaggerated response to cold and stress, resulting in bilateral vasospasm.
what education would you provide to your patient to prevent complications of Raynauds disease -
ANSWER protect the extremities from cold, stress, vasoconstriction!
The patient should be taught to:
Dress warmly when in cold environments.
Clothing should be layered and nonrestrictive. Hat, gloves, and warm socks should be worn.
Wear protective gloves when reaching into ovens and when handling extremely cold items.
Avoid cold temperatures when possible, to manage stress, and to stop tobacco use. Caffeine intake
should be limited.
If appropriate, the patient should be referred to a smoking cessation program.
What does a patient take thrombolytics for - ANSWER give to stroke pts.
they disolve clots.
AND ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 2024
What is Adrenal Crisis? - ANSWER Physical stress from the flu or other infection, or from surgery, can
send a patient with Addison disease into Addisonian crisis. Another situation that can cause symptoms of
acute lack of cortisol results from prescribed treatment.
What are s/s of adrenal crisis? - ANSWER The patient experiences generalized malaise and muscle
weakness, muscle pain, orthostatic hypotension, and vulnerability to cardiac dysrhythmias. Insufficiency
of the glucocorticoids affects blood glucose levels and causes symptoms of hypoglycemia. There is also
decreased secretion of gastrointestinal enzymes, which results in anorexia, nausea and vomiting,
flatulence, and diarrhea. These symptoms, as well as anxiety, depression, and loss of mental acuity, have
been correlated with the absence of the peaks of cortisol output that normally occur every 24 hours.
What is DIC? - ANSWER Damaged tissue liberates tissue thromboplastin, creating a state of excessive
clotting in the microcirculation throughout the body. When excessive clotting depletes the body's
clotting factors, hemorrhage follows, leading to hypotension or shock.
What are s/s of DIC - ANSWER Continued bleeding from an injection or IV site, extensive bruising in areas
of injury, ecchymoses where there has been no trauma, and petechiae.
There may be oral, vaginal, or rectal bleeding. Laboratory studies will reveal a decreased hemoglobin and
low platelet count.
The prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times will be increased.
The fibrinogen level is reduced, and the fibrin degradation products level is increased. The D-dimer result
is elevated.
What are s/s of hypoglycemia? - ANSWER Increase pulse, confusion, HA, Nervous, Nausea, Cool and
clammy skin, shaking
where is insulin manufactured in the body - ANSWER The pancreas is both an endocrine (secretes into
the bloodstream) and exocrine (secretes through a duct to the target tissues) gland. Its endocrine
function is to produce the hormones insulin and glucagon.
, What is diabetes mellitus type 2 - ANSWER formerly called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(NIDDM)—makes up 90% to 95% of all known cases of diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is believed to begin with insulin resistance, in which insulin interaction with glucose
becomes less efficient, and therefore glucose metabolism is abnormal.
More insulin is produced by the pancreas to maintain cellular metabolism. Type 2 diabetes has a
tendency to develop later in life than does type 1, and patients with type 2 rarely develop diabetic
ketoacidosis.
What are some risk factors for DM type 2? - ANSWER obesity
asian, hispanic, african american, American Indian
In type 2 diabetes there also seems to be a relationship to aging and a reduction in the function of the
pancreatic beta cells and how they synthesize insulin.
Raynaud's disease - ANSWER characterized by spasm of the arteries of the upper and lower extremities
with an exaggerated response to cold and stress, resulting in bilateral vasospasm.
what education would you provide to your patient to prevent complications of Raynauds disease -
ANSWER protect the extremities from cold, stress, vasoconstriction!
The patient should be taught to:
Dress warmly when in cold environments.
Clothing should be layered and nonrestrictive. Hat, gloves, and warm socks should be worn.
Wear protective gloves when reaching into ovens and when handling extremely cold items.
Avoid cold temperatures when possible, to manage stress, and to stop tobacco use. Caffeine intake
should be limited.
If appropriate, the patient should be referred to a smoking cessation program.
What does a patient take thrombolytics for - ANSWER give to stroke pts.
they disolve clots.
