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PORTAGE LEARNING A&P 2: FINAL EXAM 2024\2025
LATEST UPDATE 300 +QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS| GRADED A+
Your elderly patient is discussing her vision problems as blurry. Following a visual
examination, her left eye deviates medially when looking straight ahead. What is
most likely causing these vision problems? - Ans: B. Abducens nerve damage.
The abducens nerve controls the lateral rectus. Damage to the lateral rectus would
cause there to be muscle imbalance, and the medial rectus would pull the eye
medially when looking straight ahead, causing blurry vision. (Diplopia)
A bolus is formed by the ___ - Ans: tongue
Which of the following visual conditions is caused by damage to the abducens
nerve? - Ans: diplopia
Which of the following is true regarding the middle ear? - Ans: It's filled with air.
Which of the following is true concerning the external ear?
A. the lobule contains cartilage
B. The auricle funnels sound into the external acoustic meatus
C. The helix does not contain cartilage
D. The external acoustic meatus travels through the parietal bone - Ans: B
Which of the following statements is true regarding the middle ear?
A. it is filled with fluid
B. it is filled with air
C. The malleus receives vibrations from the stapes
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D. The stapes receives vibrations from the cochlea - Ans: B
Which of the following is false concerning the inner ear? - Ans: There are two
semicircular canals which house the sensory receptors.
Which of the following statement is true regarding the inner ear?
A. the organ of corti is responsible for the body's auditory sense
B. It is filled with air
C. The cochlea is responsible for the body's vestibular sense
D. There are two semicircular canals which house sensory receptors - Ans: A
What occurs when the brain is without blood flow for 5 minutes? - Ans:
Irreversible brain damage
Collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system: - Ans: Ganglia
Fill-in-the-blanks: _______ matter is composed of a mixture of the cell bodies of
neurons. _______ matter is composed of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve
fibers - Ans: gray, white
Which vessels are constricted and dilated by muscles controlled by the sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system? - Ans: arterioles
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The kidney and nervous
system communicate via the myenteric plexus, whose fibers follow the renal
arteries to reach each kidney. - Ans: This statement is false. The kidney and
nervous system communicate via the renal plexus.
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List the 3 inner regions of the kidney seen on cross-section (deepest to most
superficial). In which section would you find the glomerular capsule and the distal
and proximal convoluted tubule sections of the nephron? - Ans: The three inner
regions of the kidneys include the renal pelvis, renal medulla, and the renal cortex.
The cortex houses the glomerular capsules, the distal convoluted tubule, and the
proximal convoluted tubule.
Urinary incontinence and urinary retention are two common types of micturition
dysfunction. Briefly discuss each, including what demographic is commonly
affected in each. - Ans: Incontinence is the inability to control micturition
voluntarily. It is a condition typically seen in infants and the elderly with diagnoses
such as end-stage dementia. Incontinence can also occur due to emotional trauma,
pregnancy, or nervous system injuries, such as a stroke or spinal cord injury.
Urinary retention is the inability to expel stored urine. This is a common condition
after general anesthesia since the detrusor muscle is slow to regain muscular
activity. Male urinary retention can also occur due to the overgrowth of the prostate
gland, which narrows the urethra, making micturition difficult. Insertion of a
catheter into the urethra is necessary to allow the urine to empty from the bladder.
True or False: Action potentials travel in multiple directions within the same
neuron. - Ans: False (only one direction in the same neuron)
Fill in the blanks: The _____________ root contains the axons of sensory neurons,
while the _____________ root contains the axons of motor neurons. - Ans: dorsal,
ventral
This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. - Ans: Nerve
Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present. -
Ans: The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the "fight or
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flight" system. When in immediate danger, muscles require a steady, increased
supply of glucose and oxygen for muscular contraction. The SNS accelerates the
heartbeat, dilates the bronchi, and increases the respiratory rate. This supplies the
increased need for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also causes the liver to
deliver more glucose for the body's increased metabolic needs. Sympathetic
activation inhibits the digestive tract because digestion is not an immediate
necessity when in danger or under attack.
Which cell serves as stem cells in the gustatory system that divide and differentiate
into new supporting cells then form new gustatory cells. - Ans: Basal Cells
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - Ans: parasympathetic
describe the function of the parasympathetic nervous system - Ans: Promotes all of
the relaxing internal responses. Causes the pupil of the eye to get smaller, aids the
lenses of the eyes to focus on close items, helps with the digestion of food, and
also helps with slowing the heart beat.
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons - Ans: motor (efferent)
Part of neuron that conducts nerve impulse away from cell body - Ans: Axon
A neuron going to bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
D. Somatic system
E. A&CF. B&D - Ans: F. B&D
PORTAGE LEARNING A&P 2: FINAL EXAM 2024\2025
LATEST UPDATE 300 +QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS| GRADED A+
Your elderly patient is discussing her vision problems as blurry. Following a visual
examination, her left eye deviates medially when looking straight ahead. What is
most likely causing these vision problems? - Ans: B. Abducens nerve damage.
The abducens nerve controls the lateral rectus. Damage to the lateral rectus would
cause there to be muscle imbalance, and the medial rectus would pull the eye
medially when looking straight ahead, causing blurry vision. (Diplopia)
A bolus is formed by the ___ - Ans: tongue
Which of the following visual conditions is caused by damage to the abducens
nerve? - Ans: diplopia
Which of the following is true regarding the middle ear? - Ans: It's filled with air.
Which of the following is true concerning the external ear?
A. the lobule contains cartilage
B. The auricle funnels sound into the external acoustic meatus
C. The helix does not contain cartilage
D. The external acoustic meatus travels through the parietal bone - Ans: B
Which of the following statements is true regarding the middle ear?
A. it is filled with fluid
B. it is filled with air
C. The malleus receives vibrations from the stapes
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D. The stapes receives vibrations from the cochlea - Ans: B
Which of the following is false concerning the inner ear? - Ans: There are two
semicircular canals which house the sensory receptors.
Which of the following statement is true regarding the inner ear?
A. the organ of corti is responsible for the body's auditory sense
B. It is filled with air
C. The cochlea is responsible for the body's vestibular sense
D. There are two semicircular canals which house sensory receptors - Ans: A
What occurs when the brain is without blood flow for 5 minutes? - Ans:
Irreversible brain damage
Collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system: - Ans: Ganglia
Fill-in-the-blanks: _______ matter is composed of a mixture of the cell bodies of
neurons. _______ matter is composed of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve
fibers - Ans: gray, white
Which vessels are constricted and dilated by muscles controlled by the sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system? - Ans: arterioles
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The kidney and nervous
system communicate via the myenteric plexus, whose fibers follow the renal
arteries to reach each kidney. - Ans: This statement is false. The kidney and
nervous system communicate via the renal plexus.
,Page 3 of 49
List the 3 inner regions of the kidney seen on cross-section (deepest to most
superficial). In which section would you find the glomerular capsule and the distal
and proximal convoluted tubule sections of the nephron? - Ans: The three inner
regions of the kidneys include the renal pelvis, renal medulla, and the renal cortex.
The cortex houses the glomerular capsules, the distal convoluted tubule, and the
proximal convoluted tubule.
Urinary incontinence and urinary retention are two common types of micturition
dysfunction. Briefly discuss each, including what demographic is commonly
affected in each. - Ans: Incontinence is the inability to control micturition
voluntarily. It is a condition typically seen in infants and the elderly with diagnoses
such as end-stage dementia. Incontinence can also occur due to emotional trauma,
pregnancy, or nervous system injuries, such as a stroke or spinal cord injury.
Urinary retention is the inability to expel stored urine. This is a common condition
after general anesthesia since the detrusor muscle is slow to regain muscular
activity. Male urinary retention can also occur due to the overgrowth of the prostate
gland, which narrows the urethra, making micturition difficult. Insertion of a
catheter into the urethra is necessary to allow the urine to empty from the bladder.
True or False: Action potentials travel in multiple directions within the same
neuron. - Ans: False (only one direction in the same neuron)
Fill in the blanks: The _____________ root contains the axons of sensory neurons,
while the _____________ root contains the axons of motor neurons. - Ans: dorsal,
ventral
This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system. - Ans: Nerve
Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present. -
Ans: The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the "fight or
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flight" system. When in immediate danger, muscles require a steady, increased
supply of glucose and oxygen for muscular contraction. The SNS accelerates the
heartbeat, dilates the bronchi, and increases the respiratory rate. This supplies the
increased need for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also causes the liver to
deliver more glucose for the body's increased metabolic needs. Sympathetic
activation inhibits the digestive tract because digestion is not an immediate
necessity when in danger or under attack.
Which cell serves as stem cells in the gustatory system that divide and differentiate
into new supporting cells then form new gustatory cells. - Ans: Basal Cells
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - Ans: parasympathetic
describe the function of the parasympathetic nervous system - Ans: Promotes all of
the relaxing internal responses. Causes the pupil of the eye to get smaller, aids the
lenses of the eyes to focus on close items, helps with the digestion of food, and
also helps with slowing the heart beat.
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons - Ans: motor (efferent)
Part of neuron that conducts nerve impulse away from cell body - Ans: Axon
A neuron going to bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
D. Somatic system
E. A&CF. B&D - Ans: F. B&D
