RPSGT Exam Pret 2024/2025 | Over 700 Questions and Correct
Answers With Complete Verified Solutions. !00% Correct|
Latest Update. 100%.
What part of the brain generates EEG waveforms?
The thalmus
What cells do we collect electrical activity data from
Pyramidal cells
What is the resting potential for pyramidial cells
-60 to -80 uv
What is a capacitor
something that stores and electrical charge
What is an A to D converter
Analog to digital converter
What does the DC amplifier do
processes relatively constant or slowly fluctuating voltage
i.e: oximetry
What does the AC amplifier do
processes relatively fast signal frequency
i.e: EEG, EOG, ECG
What amplifier precesses common mode rejection
AC amplifier
*also called the differential amplifier
What electrode is ALWAYS your exploring electrode
input 1
Input 2 is used as your reference electrode, what electrodes are referred to as your reference
electrode?
M1 & M2
What electrodes are considered exploring electrodes
F3,F4,C3,C4,O1,O1
What k ohms is a desired impedence level
,5 k ohms
how does common mode rejection work
common frequencey is rejected and only the different frequencies are displayed
Input voltage from C4 is at 53 uv. The input voltage of M1 is 76 uv, what is the output voltage
-23uv
When a patient looks down, what will the tracing show
The tracing will spike up
When the patient looks left what direction will the tracing be
An upward spike
What is the general rule for the sampling rate
The faster the sampling rate the more accurate the tracing
What is the HFF set at for seizure activity
70 Hz
The video card is set at what resolution
1600x1200
What are the digital resolution settings
12 bits per sample minimum resolution of 4096 data points determined by ADC
What is the nyquist principle
The sampling rate must be at least TWICE AS FAST AS THE FASTEST FREQUENCY that will be recorded
What electrodes have a 500 Hz sampling rate
EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG
What electrodes have a sampling rate of 100 Hz
Airflow, nasal pressure, EtCO2, PAP, esophageal pressure, rib cage, abdominal movement
What are the labels used for voltage, sensitivity and deflection
V = voltage, S = sensitivity, D = deflection
What will happen to your waveform if you decrese the sensitivity
It will make your waveform larger
What will happen to your brain wave tracing if you increase the gain
It will make your wave larger
,What is considered ideal impedence for all leads
less than 5 k ohms
What is acceptable impedance for EMG leads
less than 10 k ohms
What is the bandpass for the amplifier filters
LFF = less than 0.1 Hz, HFF = greater than 100 Hz
What are the LFF settings for each electrode
EEG = 0.3 Hz, EOG = 0.3 Hz, EMG = 10 Hz, Snore = 10 Hz, Resp = 0.1 Hz, ECG = 0.3 Hz
What is the HFF setting for each electrode
EEG = 35 Hz, EOG = 35 Hz, EMG = 100 Hz, Snore = 100 Hz, ECG = 70 Hz, Resp = 15 Hz
What does it mean when you want to attenuate the amplitude
reduce the amplitude
What are other names for HFF and LFF
HFF = high pass filter, LFF = low pass filter
What effect will a HFF set at 35 Hz have on a 50 Hz sine wave
attenuate the amplitude
How is time constant defined
The time it takes in seconds for a waveform to drop 37% of it's calculated amplitude
What do barbituates do besides increase TST
*REM suppressor, increase sleep spindles, increase slow wave sleep, decrease WASO
** How do you figure TWT
total wake epochs divided by 2
When a person is awake what is the Hz measurement of the alpha wave? Asleep?
Awake = 8-13 Hz, Asleep = 7-10 Hz
Parasomnias usually occur in what stage of sleep
N3 = the deepest stage of sleep
What is the best way to measure airway resistance
esophageal manometry
** How do you figure sleep stage %
, # of epochs of sleep stage / 2 = # of min in sleep stage
# of min / TST x 100 = % time in sleep stage
hypnotics decrese sleep latency, but what classes of drugs are considered hypnotics
barbituates, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepines
How is hypopnea determined
a minimum desaturation of 3%
*medicare requires a desat of 4%
The best way to measure a hypopnea is:
pressure transducer
With shy-drager syndrome, what are some of the symptoms seen?
**low bp when standing, abnormal breathing during sleep, disrupted REM, decreased REM
What is the cause of eye movement aritfact
corneal retinal potential
In a narcoleptic patient, what will you see on the MSLT
sleep latency less than 5 min, 2 or more sleep onset REM periods
What are the contraindications for oral appliances
patients less than 18 yrs old, patients with unhealthy mouths
What are the indications for a person taking benzodiazepines
sleep anxiety, insomnia, to help treat PLM's
What effects on sleep will benzodiazepines have
increased spindle activity, increased N1 and N2, increased REM latency, decreased REM
What can acute alcohol withdrawl lead to
decreased REM latency
How many ohms should the resistance measure from chasis to ground
greater than 0.5 ohms
What is the maximum leakage of amps for equipment in direct contact with the patient, and not in
direct contact with the patient
direct contact = 100 micro amps, indirect contact = 300 micro amps
What does electrical equipment need to be plugged into
an isolator transformer
Answers With Complete Verified Solutions. !00% Correct|
Latest Update. 100%.
What part of the brain generates EEG waveforms?
The thalmus
What cells do we collect electrical activity data from
Pyramidal cells
What is the resting potential for pyramidial cells
-60 to -80 uv
What is a capacitor
something that stores and electrical charge
What is an A to D converter
Analog to digital converter
What does the DC amplifier do
processes relatively constant or slowly fluctuating voltage
i.e: oximetry
What does the AC amplifier do
processes relatively fast signal frequency
i.e: EEG, EOG, ECG
What amplifier precesses common mode rejection
AC amplifier
*also called the differential amplifier
What electrode is ALWAYS your exploring electrode
input 1
Input 2 is used as your reference electrode, what electrodes are referred to as your reference
electrode?
M1 & M2
What electrodes are considered exploring electrodes
F3,F4,C3,C4,O1,O1
What k ohms is a desired impedence level
,5 k ohms
how does common mode rejection work
common frequencey is rejected and only the different frequencies are displayed
Input voltage from C4 is at 53 uv. The input voltage of M1 is 76 uv, what is the output voltage
-23uv
When a patient looks down, what will the tracing show
The tracing will spike up
When the patient looks left what direction will the tracing be
An upward spike
What is the general rule for the sampling rate
The faster the sampling rate the more accurate the tracing
What is the HFF set at for seizure activity
70 Hz
The video card is set at what resolution
1600x1200
What are the digital resolution settings
12 bits per sample minimum resolution of 4096 data points determined by ADC
What is the nyquist principle
The sampling rate must be at least TWICE AS FAST AS THE FASTEST FREQUENCY that will be recorded
What electrodes have a 500 Hz sampling rate
EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG
What electrodes have a sampling rate of 100 Hz
Airflow, nasal pressure, EtCO2, PAP, esophageal pressure, rib cage, abdominal movement
What are the labels used for voltage, sensitivity and deflection
V = voltage, S = sensitivity, D = deflection
What will happen to your waveform if you decrese the sensitivity
It will make your waveform larger
What will happen to your brain wave tracing if you increase the gain
It will make your wave larger
,What is considered ideal impedence for all leads
less than 5 k ohms
What is acceptable impedance for EMG leads
less than 10 k ohms
What is the bandpass for the amplifier filters
LFF = less than 0.1 Hz, HFF = greater than 100 Hz
What are the LFF settings for each electrode
EEG = 0.3 Hz, EOG = 0.3 Hz, EMG = 10 Hz, Snore = 10 Hz, Resp = 0.1 Hz, ECG = 0.3 Hz
What is the HFF setting for each electrode
EEG = 35 Hz, EOG = 35 Hz, EMG = 100 Hz, Snore = 100 Hz, ECG = 70 Hz, Resp = 15 Hz
What does it mean when you want to attenuate the amplitude
reduce the amplitude
What are other names for HFF and LFF
HFF = high pass filter, LFF = low pass filter
What effect will a HFF set at 35 Hz have on a 50 Hz sine wave
attenuate the amplitude
How is time constant defined
The time it takes in seconds for a waveform to drop 37% of it's calculated amplitude
What do barbituates do besides increase TST
*REM suppressor, increase sleep spindles, increase slow wave sleep, decrease WASO
** How do you figure TWT
total wake epochs divided by 2
When a person is awake what is the Hz measurement of the alpha wave? Asleep?
Awake = 8-13 Hz, Asleep = 7-10 Hz
Parasomnias usually occur in what stage of sleep
N3 = the deepest stage of sleep
What is the best way to measure airway resistance
esophageal manometry
** How do you figure sleep stage %
, # of epochs of sleep stage / 2 = # of min in sleep stage
# of min / TST x 100 = % time in sleep stage
hypnotics decrese sleep latency, but what classes of drugs are considered hypnotics
barbituates, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepines
How is hypopnea determined
a minimum desaturation of 3%
*medicare requires a desat of 4%
The best way to measure a hypopnea is:
pressure transducer
With shy-drager syndrome, what are some of the symptoms seen?
**low bp when standing, abnormal breathing during sleep, disrupted REM, decreased REM
What is the cause of eye movement aritfact
corneal retinal potential
In a narcoleptic patient, what will you see on the MSLT
sleep latency less than 5 min, 2 or more sleep onset REM periods
What are the contraindications for oral appliances
patients less than 18 yrs old, patients with unhealthy mouths
What are the indications for a person taking benzodiazepines
sleep anxiety, insomnia, to help treat PLM's
What effects on sleep will benzodiazepines have
increased spindle activity, increased N1 and N2, increased REM latency, decreased REM
What can acute alcohol withdrawl lead to
decreased REM latency
How many ohms should the resistance measure from chasis to ground
greater than 0.5 ohms
What is the maximum leakage of amps for equipment in direct contact with the patient, and not in
direct contact with the patient
direct contact = 100 micro amps, indirect contact = 300 micro amps
What does electrical equipment need to be plugged into
an isolator transformer
