NSG 530 EXAM 4 WILKES STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 EXAM 105
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
Primary hypothyroidism causes - ANSWER-When the thyroid does not
produce enough thyroid hormones.
-congenital defects
-thyroidectomy
-thyroid radiation
-iodine deficiency
-anti-thyroid medications
-impaired thyroid hormone synthesis
patho of diabetes insipidus - ANSWER-Decreased ADH seretion/ insensitive
ADH receptor in kidney
Nephron does not reabsorb water
Body loses high amounts of water in urine (8-12 L/day)
Dehydration and hypernatremia
,NSG 530 EXAM 4 WILKES STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 EXAM 105
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
patho of addison's disease - ANSWER-low cortisol, low aldosterone =
hyponatremia dehydration, decreased blood volume and shock,
hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis and arrhythmias, low blood sugar and
insulin shock
Patho of SIADH - ANSWER-Excessive ADH secretion
Fluid retention by kidneys= EDEMA
Dilutional hyponatremia
osteomyelitis patho - ANSWER-• Pathogenic organism enters bone. Tissue
becomes inflamed and edematous. Within several days, vessel thrombus
develop causing ischemia to the involved bone which dies.
• Decreased blood flow... bone necrosis, bone abscess
Hematogenous osteomyelitis - ANSWER-Originates with infectious organisms
that reach the bone through the blood stream. Dental infection, ear, sinus,
cutaneous
contiguous osteomyelitis - ANSWER-Infection spreads to an adjacent bone
Open fractures, penetrating wounds, surgical procedures
Manifested by signs and symptoms of soft tissue infection
Low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, local pain, and swelling
, NSG 530 EXAM 4 WILKES STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 EXAM 105
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
osteoporosis patho - ANSWER-bone resorption is greater than bone
deposition-->
alterations in bone microarchitecture -->
loss of bone mineralization -->
diminished bone mass & porous bone
patho of rheumatoid arthritis - ANSWER-1. A genetically susceptible person
has an immune response to an antigen.
2. The antigen triggers the formation of an abnormal IgG called rheumatoid
factor, which reacts with IgG to form immune complexes.
3. Immune complexes are deposited into the synovial membranes in joints,
which produces synovial inflammation and swelling.
4. As the joint lining expands, it will damage the bone, tendons, and
ligaments.
5. T and B cells activate neutrophils and macrophages which produce
cytokines.
6. Inflammation causes pannus to form.
7. Pannus invades and destroys the articular cartilage.
8. As the cartilage wears down, the space between the bone narrows.
Eventually the bones will rub against each other and fuse together
(ankylosis).
9. Destructive, irreversible changes eventually leads to reduced joint
mobility, joint instability, and muscle atrophy.
10. Immune complexes can also be deposited into the lungs, pericardium,
sclera, and in subcutaneous tissue.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
Primary hypothyroidism causes - ANSWER-When the thyroid does not
produce enough thyroid hormones.
-congenital defects
-thyroidectomy
-thyroid radiation
-iodine deficiency
-anti-thyroid medications
-impaired thyroid hormone synthesis
patho of diabetes insipidus - ANSWER-Decreased ADH seretion/ insensitive
ADH receptor in kidney
Nephron does not reabsorb water
Body loses high amounts of water in urine (8-12 L/day)
Dehydration and hypernatremia
,NSG 530 EXAM 4 WILKES STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 EXAM 105
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
patho of addison's disease - ANSWER-low cortisol, low aldosterone =
hyponatremia dehydration, decreased blood volume and shock,
hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis and arrhythmias, low blood sugar and
insulin shock
Patho of SIADH - ANSWER-Excessive ADH secretion
Fluid retention by kidneys= EDEMA
Dilutional hyponatremia
osteomyelitis patho - ANSWER-• Pathogenic organism enters bone. Tissue
becomes inflamed and edematous. Within several days, vessel thrombus
develop causing ischemia to the involved bone which dies.
• Decreased blood flow... bone necrosis, bone abscess
Hematogenous osteomyelitis - ANSWER-Originates with infectious organisms
that reach the bone through the blood stream. Dental infection, ear, sinus,
cutaneous
contiguous osteomyelitis - ANSWER-Infection spreads to an adjacent bone
Open fractures, penetrating wounds, surgical procedures
Manifested by signs and symptoms of soft tissue infection
Low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, local pain, and swelling
, NSG 530 EXAM 4 WILKES STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 EXAM 105
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
osteoporosis patho - ANSWER-bone resorption is greater than bone
deposition-->
alterations in bone microarchitecture -->
loss of bone mineralization -->
diminished bone mass & porous bone
patho of rheumatoid arthritis - ANSWER-1. A genetically susceptible person
has an immune response to an antigen.
2. The antigen triggers the formation of an abnormal IgG called rheumatoid
factor, which reacts with IgG to form immune complexes.
3. Immune complexes are deposited into the synovial membranes in joints,
which produces synovial inflammation and swelling.
4. As the joint lining expands, it will damage the bone, tendons, and
ligaments.
5. T and B cells activate neutrophils and macrophages which produce
cytokines.
6. Inflammation causes pannus to form.
7. Pannus invades and destroys the articular cartilage.
8. As the cartilage wears down, the space between the bone narrows.
Eventually the bones will rub against each other and fuse together
(ankylosis).
9. Destructive, irreversible changes eventually leads to reduced joint
mobility, joint instability, and muscle atrophy.
10. Immune complexes can also be deposited into the lungs, pericardium,
sclera, and in subcutaneous tissue.
