NR 442 - Exam 1
Community - ANSWER - a group of people who share something in common and interact with
one another, who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may share a geographic
boundary
- PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice - ANSWER - Community
- Individual
- System
System/group Level of Practice Example - ANSWER community health nurse working with the
state health department and federal vaccine program to coordinate a response to an outbreak of
measles in a migrant population.
Community/Population Level of Practice Example - ANSWER public health nurses working
with area high schools to give each student a profile of his or her health to promote nutritional
and physical activity lifestyle changes to improve the student's health.
Individual Level of Practice Example - ANSWER nurse receives a referral to care for an
individual with a diagnosed mental illness who would require regular monitoring of his
medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization
Core Functions of Public Health - ANSWER - assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
Primary Prevention - ANSWER - prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
Secondary Prevention - ANSWER - early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER - correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state
- teaching insulin administration at home
What is the main focus of Public Health? - ANSWER PREVENTION
What is the main focus of Medicine? - ANSWER disease management and diagnosis
Childhood Obesity - ANSWER - focus on a healthier lifestyle
- reduce the rate the childhood obesity
- education
, What causes more than half of Premature Deaths? - ANSWER behavior and environment
reasons
What has the greatest influence on Community Health? - ANSWER behavioral choices
What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle? - ANSWER - agent
- host
- environment
Epidemiology Triangle - ANSWER - depends on the extent of the host's exposure to an agent,
the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or immunological susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure
Web of Causation - ANSWER illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal
variables
Incidence Rate - ANSWER describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in
a community over a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that disease or
condition during that same time period.
Prevalence Rate - ANSWER the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a
population at a given point in time relative to the population at the same point in time
Endemic - ANSWER Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds and
pneumonia)
Epidemic - ANSWER Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on
occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles)
Pandemic - ANSWER The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population: a
global epidemic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,
and annual outbreaks of influenza type A)
Chronic vs Acute (prevalence) - ANSWER chronic always has a higher prevalence than acute
disease
Passive Immunity - ANSWER - natural contact with antibody
- hep a --) immunoglobin
- through blood or plasma
EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or through colostrum
and breast milk
Active Immunity - ANSWER - Natural contact and infection with the antigen
Community - ANSWER - a group of people who share something in common and interact with
one another, who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may share a geographic
boundary
- PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice - ANSWER - Community
- Individual
- System
System/group Level of Practice Example - ANSWER community health nurse working with the
state health department and federal vaccine program to coordinate a response to an outbreak of
measles in a migrant population.
Community/Population Level of Practice Example - ANSWER public health nurses working
with area high schools to give each student a profile of his or her health to promote nutritional
and physical activity lifestyle changes to improve the student's health.
Individual Level of Practice Example - ANSWER nurse receives a referral to care for an
individual with a diagnosed mental illness who would require regular monitoring of his
medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization
Core Functions of Public Health - ANSWER - assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
Primary Prevention - ANSWER - prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
Secondary Prevention - ANSWER - early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER - correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state
- teaching insulin administration at home
What is the main focus of Public Health? - ANSWER PREVENTION
What is the main focus of Medicine? - ANSWER disease management and diagnosis
Childhood Obesity - ANSWER - focus on a healthier lifestyle
- reduce the rate the childhood obesity
- education
, What causes more than half of Premature Deaths? - ANSWER behavior and environment
reasons
What has the greatest influence on Community Health? - ANSWER behavioral choices
What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle? - ANSWER - agent
- host
- environment
Epidemiology Triangle - ANSWER - depends on the extent of the host's exposure to an agent,
the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or immunological susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure
Web of Causation - ANSWER illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal
variables
Incidence Rate - ANSWER describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in
a community over a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that disease or
condition during that same time period.
Prevalence Rate - ANSWER the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a
population at a given point in time relative to the population at the same point in time
Endemic - ANSWER Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds and
pneumonia)
Epidemic - ANSWER Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on
occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles)
Pandemic - ANSWER The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population: a
global epidemic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,
and annual outbreaks of influenza type A)
Chronic vs Acute (prevalence) - ANSWER chronic always has a higher prevalence than acute
disease
Passive Immunity - ANSWER - natural contact with antibody
- hep a --) immunoglobin
- through blood or plasma
EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or through colostrum
and breast milk
Active Immunity - ANSWER - Natural contact and infection with the antigen
