USMLE UWorld Step 1 TestBank With
complete solution 100% verified correct
Nitroglycerin (nitrates) - symptomatic relief in chronic stable angina - MOA? Adverse
effects? - Predominantly a *venodilator*, also some arterial vasodilation - decreases
both preload & afterload (stroke volume maintained) -- NO ^cGMP, decreasing
intracellular Ca, dephosphorylating myosin light-chain, relaxing vascular smooth muscle
-- headaches, flushing, lightheadedness, hypotension, reflex tachycardia ---
nitroprusside can cause cyanide toxicity
First line treatment for essential tremor - Propranolol
RAS signaling protein is active when bound to - GTP (ex: constitutively activated
KRAS implicated in colon cancer)
Mullerian Aplasia - No upper (therefore short) vagina, variable uterine development.
46,XX females with normal ovaries and 2ndary sexual characteristics
Physician's priority in domestic violence case - safety (emergency plan? safe place
to go?) - don't confront denial or pressure patient to disclose abuse or leave
Stroke in what brain area would cause complete contralateral SENSORY loss -
Thalamus
Cause of lacunar infarcts - small vessel occlusion due to lipohyalinosis and
microatheroma formation -> lenticulostriate arteries <- uncontrolled HTN & DM
Cocaine MOA - inhibits presynaptic reuptake of NE,D,S (increased sympathetic
activity); vasoconstrictor (cause MI, sudden death)
Mutations associated with thyroid cancer: medullary vs follicular vs anaplastic -
Medullary (RET), Follicular (RAS), Anaplastic (p53)
Dynein vs Kinesin - molecular motor proteins
(nerve axonal transport direction) - Dynein (periphery->center, + to -, retrograde)
Kinesin (center->periphery, - to +, anterograde)
Negative end Near Nucleus
Positive end Points to Periphery
Treatment of choice for behavioral symptoms of delirium - low dose antipsychotic
(haloperidol)
Adenosine & Dypyridamole - selective vasodilators of all coronary vessels, can
cause coronary steal syndrome (hypoperfusion & worsening of existing myocardial
ischemia)
, Treatment of choice for status epilepticus? (single seizure lasting >5 minutes or
multiple discrete seizures with incomplete recovery between episodes) - IV
benzodiazepine (like lorazepam) ...to stop the seizure, then concurrently begin
phenytoin to prevent recurrence
Pellagra - *Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency - diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia* -
precursor for NAD & NADP (cofactors for many dehydrogenase and reductase
enzymes) - seen in those with poor nutrition (alcoholics) or corn-heavy diets - Niacin
can be synthesized endogenously from *tryptophan*
Stimulation of what nerve will move bulky tongue out of the way in obstructive sleep
apnea? - Hypoglossal
Femoral nerve block (location) - Inguinal crease at lateral border of femoral artery -
numbs anterior thigh, quads, femur, knee
Pudendal nerve block (anatomic landmark / location) for delivery? Presentation of
stretch injury? - Ischial spine tip - for vaginal deliveries
Decreased sensation in perineum and genital area; can cause fecal/urinary
incontinence (pudendal normally controls external sphincters) - although, most common
cause of anal incontinence after childbirth is sphincter damage
Gigantism - hypersecretion of growth hormone from AP; changes mediated by release
of: - insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from liver
Toxic component of LPS - Lipid A ... gram-negative sepsis
ACE-inhibitor induced angioedema & dry cough is due to? -- ACEi also decrease GFR
and increase potassium - bradykinin accumulation (vasodilator, increases vascular
permeability; also increases prostaglandin production, irritating bronchi) - normally
broken down by ACE
Lateral ankle sprain due to inversion of plantar-flexed foot most commonly involves: -
anterior talofibular ligament
Anticholinergic toxicity - Atropine & scopolamine (in jimsonweed) competitively
inhibit muscarinic Ach receptors. Blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red as a beet, hot as a
hare, dry as a bone, full as a flash, fast as a fiddle. REVERSED by cholinesterase
inhibitors (physostigmine).
How does timolol help treat glaucoma? - non-selective beta-blocker diminish
secretion of aqueous humor by ciliary epithelium (decrease IOP) [glaucoma =
progressive peripheral vision loss]
, Ebstein anomaly - Displacement of tricuspid valve leaflets downward into RV,
decreased RV volume, atrialization of RV -- caused by *lithium* teratogenicity, treats
bipolar disorder -- tricuspid regurg & right heart failure
Zellweger syndrome - infantile defective peroxisomal biogenesis (very long chain fatty
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
acids and branched chain fatty acids cannot undergo oxidation) - buildup causes
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
craniofacial abnormalities, hepatomegaly, neurologic defects, death -- adult version: x-
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
linked adrenoleukodystrophy ii
Pulsus paradoxus - Exaggerated drop in systolic blood pressure (>10 mmHg) during
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
inspiration -- most commonly seen in pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Beck's triad = Cardiac Tamponade - Hypotension with pulsus paradoxus, elevated
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
jugular venous pressure, muffled heart sounds
ii ii ii ii ii ii
Acute intermittent porphyria - Autosomal dominant, *porphobilinogen (PBG)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
deaminase deficiency* - abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric, reddish-brown urine that
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
darkens. Worse with alcohol/smoking. Treat with IV glucose or heme to downregulate
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
aminolevulinate (ALA) synthase --- PBG & ALA accumulate, causing symptoms
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Two most common adverse effects of long-term *lithium* therapy (can also cause these
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
same effects in a fetus) - Hypothyroidism & nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (lithium =
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
bipolar mood stabilizer)
ii ii ii
How to get shit out of the lungs: 3 levels, 3 processes - upper airway -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
coughing/sneezing
ii
bronchi->terminal bronchioles - mucociliary transport ii ii ii ii
respiratory bronchioles->alveoli - phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages
ii ii ii ii ii ii
2 specific features of Graves disease (TRAb-mediated hyperthyroidism) -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Ophthalmopathy (proptosis) and pretibial myxedema
ii ii ii ii ii
Gerstmann Syndrome - damage/stroke to angular gyrus of dominant (left-sided) parietal
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
association cortex (4 signs) - 1. Agraphia (inability to write)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
2. Acalculia (inability to math)
ii ii ii ii
3. Finger agnosia (inability to identify individual fingers on hand)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
4. Left-right disorientation
ii ii
---Nondominant (right-sided) lesions to parietal lobe result in hemi-neglect ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
First line treatment for Wilson Disease - Copper chelator (*penicillamine*) "copper
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
penny"
ii
[low ceruloplasmin, Kayser-Fleischer rings, atrophy of basal ganglia]
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
First line treatment for iron overdose - Iron chelator (Deferoxamine, Deferasirox,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Deferipone)
ii
, Lead poisoning - first line treatment? symptoms? --- blue "lead lines" at junction of teeth &
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
gums, basophilic stippling of RBCs on peripheral blood smear - children in old houses
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
eating paint chips or adults exposed to ammunition or batteries - Edetate calcium
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
disodium (CaNa2 *EDTA*) (increases urinary excretion) -- weakness (microcytic
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
hypochromic anemia), abdominal pain, constipation, neurotoxicity -- inhibition of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ferrochelatase and d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase in heme synthesis pathway,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
instead incorporates zinc into protoporphyrin -- could also use dimercaprol, succimer,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
penicillamine
ii
Sarcoptes scabiei (mites & eggs) (Scabies) - presentation - Highly contagious, rapidly
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
spreading, intensely pruritic rash (usually worse at night) - wrist, fingers, finger webs,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
palms
ii
Angiogenesis driven by what 2 factors: - VEGF - vascular endothelial growth factor
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
FGF - fibroblast growth factor
ii ii ii ii
Leydig vs Sertoli cells - LH -> Leydig -> Testosterone
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
FSH -> Sertoli -> (Inhibin B)
ii ii ii ii ii
GnRH
t(15;17) and Auer Rods (stain for myeloperoxidase) - Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(APML) - fusion gene results in abnormal retinoic acid receptor, so treat with all-trans
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
retinoic acid - also associated with DIC
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Potter Sequence - caused by renal anomaly (decreased urine output ->
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
oligohydramnios): newborn with pulmonary hypoplasia, along with facial & lower limb
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
deformities (compression) --- maternal use of ACEi/ARB can cause this, because
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Angiotensin II is required for normal renal development
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Carotid sinus massage, valsalva, and cold water immersion are _________ maneuvers.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Can be used to terminate paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. - Vagal maneuvers -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
leads to increase in parasympathetic tone (bradycardia, hypotension, sometimes
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
syncope) --- Carotid sinus afferent limb is glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), efferent limb is
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
vagus (CN X).
ii ii ii
What nerve is vulnerable to injury in fibular neck fractures? What's the deficit? -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve -> causes weakness of foot dorsiflexion & eversion, and
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
loss of sensation over dorsum of foot.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Raphe nuclei in the CNS release what neurotransmitter? - Serotonin (target of SSRIs,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
SNRIs, TCAs, etc.)
ii ii ii
Metyrapone stimulation test causes a decrease in cortisol synthesis, and patients with an
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
intact HPA axis will experience a reactive increase in _________. - ACTH (loss of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
negative feedback)
ii ii
complete solution 100% verified correct
Nitroglycerin (nitrates) - symptomatic relief in chronic stable angina - MOA? Adverse
effects? - Predominantly a *venodilator*, also some arterial vasodilation - decreases
both preload & afterload (stroke volume maintained) -- NO ^cGMP, decreasing
intracellular Ca, dephosphorylating myosin light-chain, relaxing vascular smooth muscle
-- headaches, flushing, lightheadedness, hypotension, reflex tachycardia ---
nitroprusside can cause cyanide toxicity
First line treatment for essential tremor - Propranolol
RAS signaling protein is active when bound to - GTP (ex: constitutively activated
KRAS implicated in colon cancer)
Mullerian Aplasia - No upper (therefore short) vagina, variable uterine development.
46,XX females with normal ovaries and 2ndary sexual characteristics
Physician's priority in domestic violence case - safety (emergency plan? safe place
to go?) - don't confront denial or pressure patient to disclose abuse or leave
Stroke in what brain area would cause complete contralateral SENSORY loss -
Thalamus
Cause of lacunar infarcts - small vessel occlusion due to lipohyalinosis and
microatheroma formation -> lenticulostriate arteries <- uncontrolled HTN & DM
Cocaine MOA - inhibits presynaptic reuptake of NE,D,S (increased sympathetic
activity); vasoconstrictor (cause MI, sudden death)
Mutations associated with thyroid cancer: medullary vs follicular vs anaplastic -
Medullary (RET), Follicular (RAS), Anaplastic (p53)
Dynein vs Kinesin - molecular motor proteins
(nerve axonal transport direction) - Dynein (periphery->center, + to -, retrograde)
Kinesin (center->periphery, - to +, anterograde)
Negative end Near Nucleus
Positive end Points to Periphery
Treatment of choice for behavioral symptoms of delirium - low dose antipsychotic
(haloperidol)
Adenosine & Dypyridamole - selective vasodilators of all coronary vessels, can
cause coronary steal syndrome (hypoperfusion & worsening of existing myocardial
ischemia)
, Treatment of choice for status epilepticus? (single seizure lasting >5 minutes or
multiple discrete seizures with incomplete recovery between episodes) - IV
benzodiazepine (like lorazepam) ...to stop the seizure, then concurrently begin
phenytoin to prevent recurrence
Pellagra - *Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency - diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia* -
precursor for NAD & NADP (cofactors for many dehydrogenase and reductase
enzymes) - seen in those with poor nutrition (alcoholics) or corn-heavy diets - Niacin
can be synthesized endogenously from *tryptophan*
Stimulation of what nerve will move bulky tongue out of the way in obstructive sleep
apnea? - Hypoglossal
Femoral nerve block (location) - Inguinal crease at lateral border of femoral artery -
numbs anterior thigh, quads, femur, knee
Pudendal nerve block (anatomic landmark / location) for delivery? Presentation of
stretch injury? - Ischial spine tip - for vaginal deliveries
Decreased sensation in perineum and genital area; can cause fecal/urinary
incontinence (pudendal normally controls external sphincters) - although, most common
cause of anal incontinence after childbirth is sphincter damage
Gigantism - hypersecretion of growth hormone from AP; changes mediated by release
of: - insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from liver
Toxic component of LPS - Lipid A ... gram-negative sepsis
ACE-inhibitor induced angioedema & dry cough is due to? -- ACEi also decrease GFR
and increase potassium - bradykinin accumulation (vasodilator, increases vascular
permeability; also increases prostaglandin production, irritating bronchi) - normally
broken down by ACE
Lateral ankle sprain due to inversion of plantar-flexed foot most commonly involves: -
anterior talofibular ligament
Anticholinergic toxicity - Atropine & scopolamine (in jimsonweed) competitively
inhibit muscarinic Ach receptors. Blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red as a beet, hot as a
hare, dry as a bone, full as a flash, fast as a fiddle. REVERSED by cholinesterase
inhibitors (physostigmine).
How does timolol help treat glaucoma? - non-selective beta-blocker diminish
secretion of aqueous humor by ciliary epithelium (decrease IOP) [glaucoma =
progressive peripheral vision loss]
, Ebstein anomaly - Displacement of tricuspid valve leaflets downward into RV,
decreased RV volume, atrialization of RV -- caused by *lithium* teratogenicity, treats
bipolar disorder -- tricuspid regurg & right heart failure
Zellweger syndrome - infantile defective peroxisomal biogenesis (very long chain fatty
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
acids and branched chain fatty acids cannot undergo oxidation) - buildup causes
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
craniofacial abnormalities, hepatomegaly, neurologic defects, death -- adult version: x-
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
linked adrenoleukodystrophy ii
Pulsus paradoxus - Exaggerated drop in systolic blood pressure (>10 mmHg) during
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
inspiration -- most commonly seen in pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Beck's triad = Cardiac Tamponade - Hypotension with pulsus paradoxus, elevated
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
jugular venous pressure, muffled heart sounds
ii ii ii ii ii ii
Acute intermittent porphyria - Autosomal dominant, *porphobilinogen (PBG)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
deaminase deficiency* - abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric, reddish-brown urine that
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
darkens. Worse with alcohol/smoking. Treat with IV glucose or heme to downregulate
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
aminolevulinate (ALA) synthase --- PBG & ALA accumulate, causing symptoms
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Two most common adverse effects of long-term *lithium* therapy (can also cause these
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
same effects in a fetus) - Hypothyroidism & nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (lithium =
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
bipolar mood stabilizer)
ii ii ii
How to get shit out of the lungs: 3 levels, 3 processes - upper airway -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
coughing/sneezing
ii
bronchi->terminal bronchioles - mucociliary transport ii ii ii ii
respiratory bronchioles->alveoli - phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages
ii ii ii ii ii ii
2 specific features of Graves disease (TRAb-mediated hyperthyroidism) -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Ophthalmopathy (proptosis) and pretibial myxedema
ii ii ii ii ii
Gerstmann Syndrome - damage/stroke to angular gyrus of dominant (left-sided) parietal
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
association cortex (4 signs) - 1. Agraphia (inability to write)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
2. Acalculia (inability to math)
ii ii ii ii
3. Finger agnosia (inability to identify individual fingers on hand)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
4. Left-right disorientation
ii ii
---Nondominant (right-sided) lesions to parietal lobe result in hemi-neglect ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
First line treatment for Wilson Disease - Copper chelator (*penicillamine*) "copper
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
penny"
ii
[low ceruloplasmin, Kayser-Fleischer rings, atrophy of basal ganglia]
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
First line treatment for iron overdose - Iron chelator (Deferoxamine, Deferasirox,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Deferipone)
ii
, Lead poisoning - first line treatment? symptoms? --- blue "lead lines" at junction of teeth &
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
gums, basophilic stippling of RBCs on peripheral blood smear - children in old houses
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
eating paint chips or adults exposed to ammunition or batteries - Edetate calcium
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
disodium (CaNa2 *EDTA*) (increases urinary excretion) -- weakness (microcytic
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
hypochromic anemia), abdominal pain, constipation, neurotoxicity -- inhibition of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ferrochelatase and d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase in heme synthesis pathway,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
instead incorporates zinc into protoporphyrin -- could also use dimercaprol, succimer,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
penicillamine
ii
Sarcoptes scabiei (mites & eggs) (Scabies) - presentation - Highly contagious, rapidly
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
spreading, intensely pruritic rash (usually worse at night) - wrist, fingers, finger webs,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
palms
ii
Angiogenesis driven by what 2 factors: - VEGF - vascular endothelial growth factor
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
FGF - fibroblast growth factor
ii ii ii ii
Leydig vs Sertoli cells - LH -> Leydig -> Testosterone
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
FSH -> Sertoli -> (Inhibin B)
ii ii ii ii ii
GnRH
t(15;17) and Auer Rods (stain for myeloperoxidase) - Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(APML) - fusion gene results in abnormal retinoic acid receptor, so treat with all-trans
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
retinoic acid - also associated with DIC
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Potter Sequence - caused by renal anomaly (decreased urine output ->
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
oligohydramnios): newborn with pulmonary hypoplasia, along with facial & lower limb
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
deformities (compression) --- maternal use of ACEi/ARB can cause this, because
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Angiotensin II is required for normal renal development
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Carotid sinus massage, valsalva, and cold water immersion are _________ maneuvers.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Can be used to terminate paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. - Vagal maneuvers -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
leads to increase in parasympathetic tone (bradycardia, hypotension, sometimes
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
syncope) --- Carotid sinus afferent limb is glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), efferent limb is
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
vagus (CN X).
ii ii ii
What nerve is vulnerable to injury in fibular neck fractures? What's the deficit? -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve -> causes weakness of foot dorsiflexion & eversion, and
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
loss of sensation over dorsum of foot.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Raphe nuclei in the CNS release what neurotransmitter? - Serotonin (target of SSRIs,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
SNRIs, TCAs, etc.)
ii ii ii
Metyrapone stimulation test causes a decrease in cortisol synthesis, and patients with an
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
intact HPA axis will experience a reactive increase in _________. - ACTH (loss of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
negative feedback)
ii ii
