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vacuum, target, electrons, high potential difference
4 criteria to produce an x-ray
mA, kVp, exposure time, SID
4 prime factors
density(mA), contrast(kVp), detail/spatial resolution, distortion
4 radio graphic quality
2.5 mm Al equiv
amount of filtration needed in machine
low energy wave
filtration filter out
mAs=mAxtime
calculate mAs
amount of film blackening will also double
more black/ double dosage
doubling the mAs
amount of film blackening will also be half
more white/ dosage cut in half
cutting the mAs
filament and focal spot
amount of x-ray photons
tube current flow
density
mAs control what
voltmeter
mAs is measured using what type of meter
contrast
, kVp controls what
density
what increases when you increase kVp
penetration of part is directly related to kVp
how it relates to contrast
pentrometer
measured using what type of meter
electrical force or potential difference
technique charts kVp
contrast decrease-latitude increase
kVp latitude /contrast
15% added; have same effects on film density as doubling mAs
15% reduced; opposite effect on film density as 1/2 mAs
kVp 15% rule
reduce kVp
ways to reduce scatter
potential difference
measures force or strength of electrons flowing in current
affects the film quality/detail
OID/SID changes/effects
space between pt & film
involves longer SID and smaller focal spot
air gap
self-0, half wave 1 or 2, full wave-4
types of rectification and number of diodes
intensifying screen - layer of phosphorus that absorb high energy photon & then emits light (99%
image is formed)
film cassette parts and purposes
image receptor
another name for cassette