ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION2

ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

asexual reproduction - ANSWER directing cells to divide and develop into new
tissues and organs without a partner

sexual reproduction - ANSWER -takes more time and energy than asexual
reproduction
-genetically diverse offspring
-requires fertilization
-requires haploid gametes
-mating

most plants and animals produce_______ - ANSWER gametes called eggs and
sperm

Meiosis - ANSWER nuclear division that forms haploid cells

Meiosis I - ANSWER diploid cells divide to create 2 haploid cells, each with one of
the homologous chromosomes

Meiosis II - ANSWER 2 haploid cells divide to form 4 haploid cells, which develop
into eggs or sperm

Prophase I (Meiosis) - ANSWER -chromosomes condense
-nuclear envelope breaks down
-spindle fibers start to form (microtubules)
-crossing over occurs

Metaphase 1 (Meiosis) - ANSWER Pairs of homologous chromosomes move to
metaphase plate

Anaphase I (Meiosis) - ANSWER homologous chromosomes separate and move to
opposite poles of the cell

Telophase and Cytokensis (Meiosis) - ANSWER -chromosomes gather at poles of
the cell
-cytoplasm divides

Prophase II (Meiosis) - ANSWER -2 cells
-a new spindle forms around the chromosomes

Metaphase II (Meiosis) - ANSWER chromosomes line up at the metaphase
plate/equator

, Anaphase II (Meiosis) - ANSWER -2 cells
-centromeres divide
-chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells

Telophase II and Cytokinesis (Meiosis) - ANSWER -goes from 2 cells to 4 cells
-nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes
-cytoplasm divides

Asexual organisms - ANSWER -New alleles must occur independently
-can't be passed around and mixed with the genetic make up/ different alleles of
other organisms

Sexual organisms - ANSWER -populations can accrue new beneficial alleles in a
shorter period of time than asexual organisms
-organisms in a population can share beneficial alleles
-takes all the best alleles and puts them in a "basket" that selection can favor

sex creates_____ - ANSWER -genetic variation among offspring
-allows populations to adapt to environmental change faster

organisms in more variable environments______ - ANSWER -show a higher
propensity (a preference) for sexual reproduction compared to asexual
-could be due to increase in genetic variation to increase rate of adaptation to the
environment

linked alleles/genes - ANSWER -genes are close together on the same
chromosome
-breaks the law of independent assortment
-genes closer to each other on a chromosome are less likely to recombine during
crossover

crossing over enables_____ - ANSWER an organism to recombine alleles on the
same chromosome with alleles on a homologous chromosome

genetic drift - ANSWER -a process through which populations evolve randomly
-by chance, some individuals have more offspring than others
-smaller populations evolve rapidly

Bottleneck effect - ANSWER -loss of genetic diversity following a sudden drop in a
population
-can occur in a single generation

genetic drift occurs when_____ - ANSWER a portion of the population dispersed to
a new habitat/ becomes separated by a physical barrier

founder effect - ANSWER -loss of alleles that occur when individuals start a new,
smaller population
-increases chances of genetic disorder

natural selection - ANSWER -causes phenotypes to evolve in a particular direction