Fundamentals of Health Psychology 2nd Edition
Hadjistavropoulos Test Bank
Rhodes et al. (2017) - ANSWER the correlation between self-reported and
objectively measured physical activity can be quite low
Kuntsche et al. (2017) - ANSWER it is difficult to make comparisons between
countries in regards to binge drinking as countries differ in the amount fo alcohol in a
served unit or standard drink
what is defined as a binge may need to differ between men and women
Joshipura et al. (1999) - ANSWER an extra portion of fruit or vegetables per day
may reduce the risk of ischemic stroke by 6%
West (2007) - ANSWER even small effects in smoking cessation interventions can
have high levels of clinical significance due to the very large health gains that can be
obtained from stopping smoking
Black, Mullan & Sharpe (2016) - ANSWER interventions that included prompting
commitment or reviewing goals had larger effects on alcohol consumption than those
that provided info on the consequences of alcohol consumption (identifying
behaviour change techniques)
Ogden (2016) - ANSWER the quality of coding of interventions to identify
constituent behavioural change techniques is dependent on the quality of the
reporting of interventions, which is often sub-optimal
Webb et al. (2010) - ANSWER online interventions are typically found to have
small but significant effects on health behaviour
West (2017) - ANSWER increasing the cost of smoking is likely to lead to reduced
levels given that for every 10% increase in the cost there is a corresponding 4%
decrease in the number of cigarettes purchased - policy change
World Health Organisation (1946) - ANSWER Health is the state of complete
physical, social, and spiritual wellbeing
Marks et al. (2018) - ANSWER Health is a state of wellbeing with personal
satisfaction of physical cultural, psychosocial, economic, and spiritual needs, not
simply the absence of illness
Ogden (2019) - ANSWER health psychology emphasises the role of psychological
factors in the cause, progression and consequences of health and illness
Engel (1977; 1980) - ANSWER biopsychological model
, Kasl and Cobb (1966) - ANSWER defined three types of health-related behaviour:
- a health behaviour which aims to prevent illness
- an illness behaviour which aims to seek help
- a sick role behaviour which aims at getting well
Matarazzo (1984) - ANSWER further defines health behaviours
- health-impairing habits which he called 'behavioural pathogens'
- health protective behaviours which he defined as 'behavioural immunogens'
Weg (1983) - ANSWER examined the longevity of the Abkhazians and suggested
that relative to other countries it is due to:
- genetics, vigorous work roles, diet low in sat fat and meat, no alcohol
- low reported stress levels,
- high levels of social support
Wallston & Wallston (1981) - ANSWER individuals vary as to whether they tend to
regard their health as controllable by them or uncontrollable by them
Norman & Bennett (1985) - ANSWER health locus of control strongly related to
behaviour change and adherence to doctor's advice
Weinstein (1983) - ANSWER generated a list of health problems and asked
'compared to other people of your age and sex, what are your chances of getting
___ greater than, about the same or less than theirs?'
majority of participants believed they were less likely to get the health problem
Four cognitive factors that contribute to unrealistic optimism - ANSWER - lack of
personal experience with the problem
- the belief that the problem is preventable by individual action
- the belief that if the problem has not yet appeared, it will not appear in the future
- the belief that the problem is infrequent
;these factors suggest perception of own risk is not a rational process
Rabiau et al. (2006) - ANSWER argues beliefs like 'i can eat cake because i go to
the gym' may explain why people don't always adhere to dietary or exercise
programmes
results are negated by competing motivations
Deci & Ryan (2000) - ANSWER self-determination theory
focuses on the reasons/motives that regulate behaviour
-autonomous motivation; behaviours that fulfil personally relevant goals (intrinsic)
-controlled motivations; driven by external factors (extrinsic)
Bandura (1986) - ANSWER self efficacy is the belief in one's capability to organise
and execute the sources required to manage prospective situations
Self-efficacy - ANSWER first developed by Bandura (1977) but expanded as part
of SLT
closely related to confidence in the ability to engage in a health behaviour
Hadjistavropoulos Test Bank
Rhodes et al. (2017) - ANSWER the correlation between self-reported and
objectively measured physical activity can be quite low
Kuntsche et al. (2017) - ANSWER it is difficult to make comparisons between
countries in regards to binge drinking as countries differ in the amount fo alcohol in a
served unit or standard drink
what is defined as a binge may need to differ between men and women
Joshipura et al. (1999) - ANSWER an extra portion of fruit or vegetables per day
may reduce the risk of ischemic stroke by 6%
West (2007) - ANSWER even small effects in smoking cessation interventions can
have high levels of clinical significance due to the very large health gains that can be
obtained from stopping smoking
Black, Mullan & Sharpe (2016) - ANSWER interventions that included prompting
commitment or reviewing goals had larger effects on alcohol consumption than those
that provided info on the consequences of alcohol consumption (identifying
behaviour change techniques)
Ogden (2016) - ANSWER the quality of coding of interventions to identify
constituent behavioural change techniques is dependent on the quality of the
reporting of interventions, which is often sub-optimal
Webb et al. (2010) - ANSWER online interventions are typically found to have
small but significant effects on health behaviour
West (2017) - ANSWER increasing the cost of smoking is likely to lead to reduced
levels given that for every 10% increase in the cost there is a corresponding 4%
decrease in the number of cigarettes purchased - policy change
World Health Organisation (1946) - ANSWER Health is the state of complete
physical, social, and spiritual wellbeing
Marks et al. (2018) - ANSWER Health is a state of wellbeing with personal
satisfaction of physical cultural, psychosocial, economic, and spiritual needs, not
simply the absence of illness
Ogden (2019) - ANSWER health psychology emphasises the role of psychological
factors in the cause, progression and consequences of health and illness
Engel (1977; 1980) - ANSWER biopsychological model
, Kasl and Cobb (1966) - ANSWER defined three types of health-related behaviour:
- a health behaviour which aims to prevent illness
- an illness behaviour which aims to seek help
- a sick role behaviour which aims at getting well
Matarazzo (1984) - ANSWER further defines health behaviours
- health-impairing habits which he called 'behavioural pathogens'
- health protective behaviours which he defined as 'behavioural immunogens'
Weg (1983) - ANSWER examined the longevity of the Abkhazians and suggested
that relative to other countries it is due to:
- genetics, vigorous work roles, diet low in sat fat and meat, no alcohol
- low reported stress levels,
- high levels of social support
Wallston & Wallston (1981) - ANSWER individuals vary as to whether they tend to
regard their health as controllable by them or uncontrollable by them
Norman & Bennett (1985) - ANSWER health locus of control strongly related to
behaviour change and adherence to doctor's advice
Weinstein (1983) - ANSWER generated a list of health problems and asked
'compared to other people of your age and sex, what are your chances of getting
___ greater than, about the same or less than theirs?'
majority of participants believed they were less likely to get the health problem
Four cognitive factors that contribute to unrealistic optimism - ANSWER - lack of
personal experience with the problem
- the belief that the problem is preventable by individual action
- the belief that if the problem has not yet appeared, it will not appear in the future
- the belief that the problem is infrequent
;these factors suggest perception of own risk is not a rational process
Rabiau et al. (2006) - ANSWER argues beliefs like 'i can eat cake because i go to
the gym' may explain why people don't always adhere to dietary or exercise
programmes
results are negated by competing motivations
Deci & Ryan (2000) - ANSWER self-determination theory
focuses on the reasons/motives that regulate behaviour
-autonomous motivation; behaviours that fulfil personally relevant goals (intrinsic)
-controlled motivations; driven by external factors (extrinsic)
Bandura (1986) - ANSWER self efficacy is the belief in one's capability to organise
and execute the sources required to manage prospective situations
Self-efficacy - ANSWER first developed by Bandura (1977) but expanded as part
of SLT
closely related to confidence in the ability to engage in a health behaviour
