ATI MENTAL HEALTH FINAL EXAM 2024
What are symptoms of alcohol withdrawal? - ANSWER Nausea, vomiting, tremors,
restlessness, insomnia, depressed mood or irritability, tonic-clonic seizures, illusions.
What is alcohol withdrawal delirum and when can it occur? - ANSWER Alcohol
withdrawal delirium is a medical emergency and may occur 2-3 days after cessation
and last the same (2-3 days). S/s include severe disorientation, hallucinations,
severe HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, delirium.
What are symptoms of opioid withdrawal? - ANSWER Agitation, insomnia, flulike
manifestations, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, diarrhea. Suicidal ideation may occur.
What are symptoms of tobacco (nicotine) withdrawal? - ANSWER Irritability,
nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, difficulty concentrating
What kind of medications would be expected to be prescribed for a patient who is
detoxing from alcohol? - ANSWER Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), Diazepam
(Valium), Lorazepam (Ativan), Oxazepam (Serax)
What are the intended effects of the benzodiazepines for detoxification from alcohol?
- ANSWER Maintenance of patient's v/s, decrease risk of seizures, decrease
intensity of withdrawal s/s.
What are some of the adjunct medications for detoxification of alcohol? - ANSWER
Carbamazepine (Tegretol), Clonidine (Catapres), Propanolol (Inderal)
What are each of the adjunct medications indicated for? - ANSWER Decrease
seizures (Carbamazepine)
Decrease autonomic response (decrease BP, HR)- Clonidine and Propanolol
Decrease craving- Propanolol
What are overall nursing interventions and teaching points for patients who are
experiencing detoxification? - ANSWER Pad the side rails and include suction
equipment at bedside (seizure precautions). Monitor vital signs and continue
monitoring on ongoing basis.
What kind of medications are indicated for abstinence maintenance of alcohol? -
ANSWER Disulfiram (Antabuse), Naltrexone (Vivitrol), Acamprosate (Campral)
What is the intended effect of disulfiram (Antabuse)? - ANSWER After the patient
ingests alcohol, acetaldehyde syndrome will occur and includes perfuse vomiting,
nausea, weakness, sweating, palpitations, and hypotension. Can progress to
respiratory depression, seizures, and death.
What teaching points need to be brought up with a patient who is beginning
disulfiram (Antabuse)? - ANSWER Wear a med alert bracelet, avoid ALL products
, containing alcohol (cough syrups, aftershave lotion). Encourage participation in a 12
step program. Potential for acetaldehyde syndrome can occur for up to 2 weeks after
disulfuram is discontinued.
Naltrexone (Vivitrol) What is the indicated effect? - ANSWER Pure opioid
antagonist that supresses craving and pleasure of alcohol.
What can naltrexone (Vivitrol) also be utilized for? - ANSWER Opioid withdrawal.
Teaching points for naltrexone (Vivitrol)? - ANSWER Take with meals to supress
GI distress. Monthly IM injections should be suggested for patients who have
difficulty to adhering to the medication regimen.
Acamprosate (Campral) indication... - ANSWER Taken 3x daily to reduce alcohol
craving.
Teaching points for acamprosate (Campral) - ANSWER Diarrhea may occur while
taking the medication. Increase fluids. Do not take while pregnant.
What medications can be used to support withdrawal/abstinence from opioids? -
ANSWER Methadone (Dolophine) substition, Clonidine (Catapres), Buprenorphine
(Subutex)
Intended effect of methadone (Dolophine) - ANSWER Oral opioid agonist that
replaces the opioid to which client addicted. Encourage participation in 12 step
program. Inform that must be administered at an approved treatment center.
Intended effect of clonidine (Catapres) - ANSWER Assists with withdrawal s/s
related to autonomic hyperactivity (n/v/d) Has anticholinergic effects and CNS
depression.
Does clonidine (Catapres) reduce the craving for opioids? - ANSWER NO
Buprenorphine (Subutex) intended effect? - ANSWER Agonist-antagonist opioid
use for detox and maintenance. Decreases feeling of craving.
Teaching points for subutex? - ANSWER Administer sublingually at an approved
treatment center.
Medications utilized to support withdrawal/abstinence from Nicotine? - ANSWER
Bupropion (Zyban), Nicotine replacement therapy (gum, patch, spray), varenicline
(Chantix)
Bupropion (Zyban) intended effect? - ANSWER Decreases nicotine craving and
manifestations of withdrawal. Anticholinergic effects (standard teaching to
counteract). Avoid caffeine to and other CNS stimulants to control insomnia.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy intended effects
Nicotine gum (Nicorette)
Nicotine patch (nicotrol)
What are symptoms of alcohol withdrawal? - ANSWER Nausea, vomiting, tremors,
restlessness, insomnia, depressed mood or irritability, tonic-clonic seizures, illusions.
What is alcohol withdrawal delirum and when can it occur? - ANSWER Alcohol
withdrawal delirium is a medical emergency and may occur 2-3 days after cessation
and last the same (2-3 days). S/s include severe disorientation, hallucinations,
severe HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, delirium.
What are symptoms of opioid withdrawal? - ANSWER Agitation, insomnia, flulike
manifestations, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, diarrhea. Suicidal ideation may occur.
What are symptoms of tobacco (nicotine) withdrawal? - ANSWER Irritability,
nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, difficulty concentrating
What kind of medications would be expected to be prescribed for a patient who is
detoxing from alcohol? - ANSWER Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), Diazepam
(Valium), Lorazepam (Ativan), Oxazepam (Serax)
What are the intended effects of the benzodiazepines for detoxification from alcohol?
- ANSWER Maintenance of patient's v/s, decrease risk of seizures, decrease
intensity of withdrawal s/s.
What are some of the adjunct medications for detoxification of alcohol? - ANSWER
Carbamazepine (Tegretol), Clonidine (Catapres), Propanolol (Inderal)
What are each of the adjunct medications indicated for? - ANSWER Decrease
seizures (Carbamazepine)
Decrease autonomic response (decrease BP, HR)- Clonidine and Propanolol
Decrease craving- Propanolol
What are overall nursing interventions and teaching points for patients who are
experiencing detoxification? - ANSWER Pad the side rails and include suction
equipment at bedside (seizure precautions). Monitor vital signs and continue
monitoring on ongoing basis.
What kind of medications are indicated for abstinence maintenance of alcohol? -
ANSWER Disulfiram (Antabuse), Naltrexone (Vivitrol), Acamprosate (Campral)
What is the intended effect of disulfiram (Antabuse)? - ANSWER After the patient
ingests alcohol, acetaldehyde syndrome will occur and includes perfuse vomiting,
nausea, weakness, sweating, palpitations, and hypotension. Can progress to
respiratory depression, seizures, and death.
What teaching points need to be brought up with a patient who is beginning
disulfiram (Antabuse)? - ANSWER Wear a med alert bracelet, avoid ALL products
, containing alcohol (cough syrups, aftershave lotion). Encourage participation in a 12
step program. Potential for acetaldehyde syndrome can occur for up to 2 weeks after
disulfuram is discontinued.
Naltrexone (Vivitrol) What is the indicated effect? - ANSWER Pure opioid
antagonist that supresses craving and pleasure of alcohol.
What can naltrexone (Vivitrol) also be utilized for? - ANSWER Opioid withdrawal.
Teaching points for naltrexone (Vivitrol)? - ANSWER Take with meals to supress
GI distress. Monthly IM injections should be suggested for patients who have
difficulty to adhering to the medication regimen.
Acamprosate (Campral) indication... - ANSWER Taken 3x daily to reduce alcohol
craving.
Teaching points for acamprosate (Campral) - ANSWER Diarrhea may occur while
taking the medication. Increase fluids. Do not take while pregnant.
What medications can be used to support withdrawal/abstinence from opioids? -
ANSWER Methadone (Dolophine) substition, Clonidine (Catapres), Buprenorphine
(Subutex)
Intended effect of methadone (Dolophine) - ANSWER Oral opioid agonist that
replaces the opioid to which client addicted. Encourage participation in 12 step
program. Inform that must be administered at an approved treatment center.
Intended effect of clonidine (Catapres) - ANSWER Assists with withdrawal s/s
related to autonomic hyperactivity (n/v/d) Has anticholinergic effects and CNS
depression.
Does clonidine (Catapres) reduce the craving for opioids? - ANSWER NO
Buprenorphine (Subutex) intended effect? - ANSWER Agonist-antagonist opioid
use for detox and maintenance. Decreases feeling of craving.
Teaching points for subutex? - ANSWER Administer sublingually at an approved
treatment center.
Medications utilized to support withdrawal/abstinence from Nicotine? - ANSWER
Bupropion (Zyban), Nicotine replacement therapy (gum, patch, spray), varenicline
(Chantix)
Bupropion (Zyban) intended effect? - ANSWER Decreases nicotine craving and
manifestations of withdrawal. Anticholinergic effects (standard teaching to
counteract). Avoid caffeine to and other CNS stimulants to control insomnia.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy intended effects
Nicotine gum (Nicorette)
Nicotine patch (nicotrol)
