PSYC 388 Introductions to Counselling FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE Athabasca University
Frank Parsons - ANSWER Founder of the vocational guidance and counseling
profession, used groups to facilitate career and vocational development.
Clifford Beers - ANSWER Wrote book on his experience with mental illness
Clarence Hincks - ANSWER Founded the Canadian Mental health Association
(1918)
Trait-And-Factor Counseling - ANSWER Problem-solving approach to vocational
counselling where students are taught the skills they need to get jobs
5 Life Tasks of the Wellness Model - ANSWER Spirituality
Self-Direction
Work and Leisure
Friendship
Love
Social Justice - ANSWER justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities,
and privileges within a society.
Rollo May's Wounded Healer - ANSWER People who have through hurt gained
insight into themselves and the world, and can help others overcome emotional
problems
Lynn Schecter - ANSWER Worked through 911 and Hurricane Katrina with the help
of a support system
Levels of Helping - ANSWER Nonprofessional (Friends and Colleagues)
Paraprofessional (Mental Health Technicians)
Professional (Counsellors etc)
Four Models of Attribution - ANSWER Medical: Cause X Solution X
Counsellor as Expert
Moral: Cause Y Solution Y
Counsellor as Coach
Compensatory: Cause X Solution Y
Counsellor as Teacher
Enlightenment: Cause Y Solution X
Counsellor as Authority
, STIPS (Prieto and Schaal) - ANSWER Often used in training
Signs and symtopms
Topics discussed in Counselling
Interventions used
Progress and continuing plan
Special issues of importance
Ethics vs Morality - ANSWER Ethics: Principles and Standards
Morality: Evaluation or a Judgment
5 Types of Ethical Dilemmas - ANSWER Confidentiality
Role Conflict
Counsellor Competence
Conflicts with Employer/Institution
Degree of Dangerousness
Fundamental Ethical Principles - ANSWER Beneficience
Fidelity
Non-maleficience
Autonomy
Justice
Social Interest
Legal Considerations - ANSWER Confidentiality
Privacy
Privileged Communication
etic perspective - ANSWER universal qualities exist in counseling that are culturally
generalizable
emic perspective - ANSWER Counselling approaches must be culturally specific
Acculturation - ANSWER the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding
culture
Over-culturalizing - ANSWER Mistaking reactions to poverty and discrimination for
the cultural pattern
STUDY GUIDE Athabasca University
Frank Parsons - ANSWER Founder of the vocational guidance and counseling
profession, used groups to facilitate career and vocational development.
Clifford Beers - ANSWER Wrote book on his experience with mental illness
Clarence Hincks - ANSWER Founded the Canadian Mental health Association
(1918)
Trait-And-Factor Counseling - ANSWER Problem-solving approach to vocational
counselling where students are taught the skills they need to get jobs
5 Life Tasks of the Wellness Model - ANSWER Spirituality
Self-Direction
Work and Leisure
Friendship
Love
Social Justice - ANSWER justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities,
and privileges within a society.
Rollo May's Wounded Healer - ANSWER People who have through hurt gained
insight into themselves and the world, and can help others overcome emotional
problems
Lynn Schecter - ANSWER Worked through 911 and Hurricane Katrina with the help
of a support system
Levels of Helping - ANSWER Nonprofessional (Friends and Colleagues)
Paraprofessional (Mental Health Technicians)
Professional (Counsellors etc)
Four Models of Attribution - ANSWER Medical: Cause X Solution X
Counsellor as Expert
Moral: Cause Y Solution Y
Counsellor as Coach
Compensatory: Cause X Solution Y
Counsellor as Teacher
Enlightenment: Cause Y Solution X
Counsellor as Authority
, STIPS (Prieto and Schaal) - ANSWER Often used in training
Signs and symtopms
Topics discussed in Counselling
Interventions used
Progress and continuing plan
Special issues of importance
Ethics vs Morality - ANSWER Ethics: Principles and Standards
Morality: Evaluation or a Judgment
5 Types of Ethical Dilemmas - ANSWER Confidentiality
Role Conflict
Counsellor Competence
Conflicts with Employer/Institution
Degree of Dangerousness
Fundamental Ethical Principles - ANSWER Beneficience
Fidelity
Non-maleficience
Autonomy
Justice
Social Interest
Legal Considerations - ANSWER Confidentiality
Privacy
Privileged Communication
etic perspective - ANSWER universal qualities exist in counseling that are culturally
generalizable
emic perspective - ANSWER Counselling approaches must be culturally specific
Acculturation - ANSWER the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding
culture
Over-culturalizing - ANSWER Mistaking reactions to poverty and discrimination for
the cultural pattern
