Gynecologic Settings 11th Edition by Joellen Hawkins,
Diane Roberto-Nichols, Lynn Stanley-Haney
9780826122827 Chapter 1-21 Complete Guide.
Menstruation - ANSWER Marker for the beginning and end of the reproduction
cycle
Ovarian Cycles - ANSWER Follicular phase
Ovulatory phase
Luteal phase
Endometrial Phase - ANSWER Proliferative phase (menstruation to ovulation)
Secretory phase (ovulation to menstruation)
Menstrual phase (if no fertilization occurs)
Menopausal Period - ANSWER Occurs 12 months after woman's last period
Marks the end of the females reproductive capacity
Age 42-52
Treatment for Menopausal symptoms - ANSWER Hormonal therapy - minimize hot
flashes, bone loss, etc
Estrogen - for women w/o uterus
Progesterone & Estrogen - for women w/ uterus
⬆️ rx of breast cancer, stroke, heart attack, blood clots
Amenorrhea - ANSWER Absence of menstrual flow
Primary Amenorrhea - ANSWER No menses - 16 yrs old - w/ 2nd sex
characteristics
No menses - 14 yrs old - w/o 2nd sex characteristics
Cause of Primary Amenorrhea - ANSWER Hormonal disturbances
*excessive exercise*
Eating disorders
Secondary Amenorrhea - ANSWER No manses for 6 months/3 cycles after having
normal menses
Cause of Secondary Amenorrhea - ANSWER Pregnancy
Hormonal imbalances
Stress
Ovarian tumors
Use of contraceptives
Obesity