complete Test Bank Campbell Biology 11 edition
Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-56
1) In yeast signal transduction, a yeast cell releases a mating factor, which
________. - ANSWER C) binds to receptors on the membranes of other types of
yeast cells
2) Yeast cells of mating type a are genetically engineered to produce only mating
factor α instead of the normal mating factor a. The gene for the mating factor
receptor was unaltered. How will these engineered cells behave in terms of mating?
- ANSWER C) They will mate with each other or with normal mating type a cells,
but not with normal mating type α cells.
3) In the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell
signaling serves which function? - ANSWER B) aggregation of bacteria that can
cause cavities
4) Which of the following is a type of local signaling in which a cell secretes a signal
molecule that affects neighboring cells? - ANSWER C) paracrine signaling
5) Hormones are chemical substances produced in one organ that are released into
the bloodstream and affect the function of a target organ. Which of the following
conditions is required for the target organ to respond to a particular hormone? -
ANSWER D) The target organ must have receptors that recognize and bind the
hormone molecule.
6) In which of the following ways do plant hormones differ from hormones in
animals? - ANSWER A) Plant hormones frequently travel through the air as a gas.
7) When a neuron responds to a particular neurotransmitter by opening gated ion
channels, the neurotransmitter is serving as which part of the signal pathway? -
ANSWER C) signal molecule
8) Use the following figure to answer the question. Which of the following types of
signaling is represented in the figure? - ANSWER D) synaptic
9) Use the following figure to answer the question. In the figure, the dots in the space
between the two structures represent which of the following? - ANSWER C)
neurotransmitters
10) Which observation suggested to Sutherland the involvement of a second
messenger in epinephrine's effect on liver cells? - ANSWER B) Glycogen
breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells.
11) Which of the following statements about a G protein signaling pathway is true? -
ANSWER B) A G protein bound to GTP is in its active state.
, 12) What is the most likely mechanism by which testosterone functions inside a cell?
- ANSWER B) It binds with a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates
expression of specific genes.
13) Scientists have found that extracellular matrix components may induce specific
gene expression in embryonic tissues such as the liver and testes. For this to
happen, there must be direct communication between the extracellular matrix and
the developing cells. Which kind of transmembrane protein would most likely be
involved in this kind of induction? - ANSWER A) integrins
14) One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane functions by
forming dimers, adding phosphate groups, and then activating relay proteins. Which
type does this? - ANSWER D) receptor tyrosine kinases
15) Which of the following statements describes a likely effect of a drug designed
that inhibits the cellular response to testosterone? - ANSWER B) The transcription
of certain genes would decrease.
16) Many G protein-coupled receptors contain seven transmembrane α-helical
domains. The amino end of the protein lies at the exterior of the plasma membrane.
Loops of amino acids connect the helices either at the exterior surface or on the
cytosolic surface of the membrane. The loop on the cytosolic side between helices 5
and 6 is usually substantially longer than the others. Where would you expect to find
the carboxyl end of the protein? - ANSWER B) at the cytosolic surface
17) Many G protein-coupled receptors contain seven transmembrane α-helical
domains. The amino end of the protein lies at the exterior of the plasma membrane.
Loops of amino acids connect the helices either at the exterior surface or on the
cytosolic surface of the membrane. The loop on the cytosolic side between helices 5
and 6 is usually substantially longer than the others. Where would a coupled G
protein most likely interact with this receptor? - ANSWER D) at the loop between
H5 and H6
18) Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a
change in the distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane? - ANSWER
C) ligand-gated ion channel
19) Why does testosterone, a lipid-soluble signaling molecule that crosses the
membranes of all cells, affect only target cells? - ANSWER B) Intracellular
receptors for testosterone are present only in target cells.
20) If an animal cell suddenly lost the ability to produce GTP, what might happen to
its signaling system? - ANSWER A) It would not be able to activate G proteins on
the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.
21) Which of the following statements is true of steroid receptors? - ANSWER B)
The receptor may be inside the nucleus of a target cell.
Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-56
1) In yeast signal transduction, a yeast cell releases a mating factor, which
________. - ANSWER C) binds to receptors on the membranes of other types of
yeast cells
2) Yeast cells of mating type a are genetically engineered to produce only mating
factor α instead of the normal mating factor a. The gene for the mating factor
receptor was unaltered. How will these engineered cells behave in terms of mating?
- ANSWER C) They will mate with each other or with normal mating type a cells,
but not with normal mating type α cells.
3) In the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell
signaling serves which function? - ANSWER B) aggregation of bacteria that can
cause cavities
4) Which of the following is a type of local signaling in which a cell secretes a signal
molecule that affects neighboring cells? - ANSWER C) paracrine signaling
5) Hormones are chemical substances produced in one organ that are released into
the bloodstream and affect the function of a target organ. Which of the following
conditions is required for the target organ to respond to a particular hormone? -
ANSWER D) The target organ must have receptors that recognize and bind the
hormone molecule.
6) In which of the following ways do plant hormones differ from hormones in
animals? - ANSWER A) Plant hormones frequently travel through the air as a gas.
7) When a neuron responds to a particular neurotransmitter by opening gated ion
channels, the neurotransmitter is serving as which part of the signal pathway? -
ANSWER C) signal molecule
8) Use the following figure to answer the question. Which of the following types of
signaling is represented in the figure? - ANSWER D) synaptic
9) Use the following figure to answer the question. In the figure, the dots in the space
between the two structures represent which of the following? - ANSWER C)
neurotransmitters
10) Which observation suggested to Sutherland the involvement of a second
messenger in epinephrine's effect on liver cells? - ANSWER B) Glycogen
breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells.
11) Which of the following statements about a G protein signaling pathway is true? -
ANSWER B) A G protein bound to GTP is in its active state.
, 12) What is the most likely mechanism by which testosterone functions inside a cell?
- ANSWER B) It binds with a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates
expression of specific genes.
13) Scientists have found that extracellular matrix components may induce specific
gene expression in embryonic tissues such as the liver and testes. For this to
happen, there must be direct communication between the extracellular matrix and
the developing cells. Which kind of transmembrane protein would most likely be
involved in this kind of induction? - ANSWER A) integrins
14) One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane functions by
forming dimers, adding phosphate groups, and then activating relay proteins. Which
type does this? - ANSWER D) receptor tyrosine kinases
15) Which of the following statements describes a likely effect of a drug designed
that inhibits the cellular response to testosterone? - ANSWER B) The transcription
of certain genes would decrease.
16) Many G protein-coupled receptors contain seven transmembrane α-helical
domains. The amino end of the protein lies at the exterior of the plasma membrane.
Loops of amino acids connect the helices either at the exterior surface or on the
cytosolic surface of the membrane. The loop on the cytosolic side between helices 5
and 6 is usually substantially longer than the others. Where would you expect to find
the carboxyl end of the protein? - ANSWER B) at the cytosolic surface
17) Many G protein-coupled receptors contain seven transmembrane α-helical
domains. The amino end of the protein lies at the exterior of the plasma membrane.
Loops of amino acids connect the helices either at the exterior surface or on the
cytosolic surface of the membrane. The loop on the cytosolic side between helices 5
and 6 is usually substantially longer than the others. Where would a coupled G
protein most likely interact with this receptor? - ANSWER D) at the loop between
H5 and H6
18) Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a
change in the distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane? - ANSWER
C) ligand-gated ion channel
19) Why does testosterone, a lipid-soluble signaling molecule that crosses the
membranes of all cells, affect only target cells? - ANSWER B) Intracellular
receptors for testosterone are present only in target cells.
20) If an animal cell suddenly lost the ability to produce GTP, what might happen to
its signaling system? - ANSWER A) It would not be able to activate G proteins on
the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.
21) Which of the following statements is true of steroid receptors? - ANSWER B)
The receptor may be inside the nucleus of a target cell.
