\EEG Boards Part 2
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The meninges are the outer coverings of what structures? - ANSWER Brain and
Spinal Cord
Name the three meninges starting with the outermost layer. - ANSWER 1. Dura
Mater: Outermost layer, Strongest and thickest
2. Arachnoid Mater: Middle layer, thin membrane encloses the subarachnoid space
3. Pia Mater: Innermost layer, follows contour of cortex, composed of 2 layers; highly
vascular and sheaths blood vessels as they enter the brain
What is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled space between the arachnoid mater and
pia mater? - ANSWER Subarachnoid Space
Where is the primary motor cortex (Brodmann's are 4) located in the brain? -
ANSWER The primary motor cortex (Brodmann's area) is the precentral gyrus in the
frontal lobe. This gyrus is directly anterior to the central sulcus (Rolandic Fissure); it
is the cortical area from which movements are most easily elicited and the source of
about a third of the corticospinal tract.
Where is the motor speech area (Broca's area) located in the brain - ANSWER The
motor speech area (Broca's area) is located in the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal
lobe in the dominant hemisphere (usually the left hemisphere)
What is the primary somatosensory cortex located in the brain? - ANSWER The
primary somatosensory cortex is the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. This
gyrus is directly posterior to the central sulcus (Rolandic Fissure).
Where is the receptive speech area (Wernicke's area) located in the brain? -
ANSWER The receptive speech area (Wernicke's area) is located in the
supramarginal and angular gyri of the parietal lobe, also includes adjoining regions of
the temporal and occipital lobes, in the dominant hemisphere (usually left
hemisphere).
What does the corpus callosum connect? - ANSWER Right and Left cerebral
hemispheres
Name the main structures that compose the brainstem. - ANSWER The brainstem
contains nuclei for most of the cranial nerves and connects critical pathways in the
brain and spinal cord to the entire body. It is subdivided into the:
1. Medulla
2. Pons
3. Midbrain
The central sulcus is the boundary between what two lobes? - ANSWER The central
sulcus (Rolandic Fissure) is the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes, and
the transition zone between primary motor and primary somatosensory cortex.
, The basal ganglia is composed of? - ANSWER A group of subcortical nuclei, most
prominently including the putamen, globus pallidus, and caudate nucleus
Where is the primary visual cortex (Brodmann's area 17) located? - ANSWER
Calcarine sulcus
What artery supplies blood to the anterior and middle cerebral arteries? - ANSWER
Internal carotid artery
What large vessel is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries? - ANSWER
Basilar artery
What large arteries are formed by the bifurcation of the common carotid artery? -
ANSWER external carotid artery and internal carotid artery
What arteries account for most of the blood supply to the brain? - ANSWER The two
internal carotids account for 85% of cerebral blood flow and thus supply most of the
blood to the brain
The middle cerebral artery supplies what areas of the brain? - ANSWER The insula,
most of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, and the anterior tip of the
temporal lobe
Then anterior cerebral artery supplies to what areas of the brain? - ANSWER The
frontal lobes and medial aspects of the parietal and occipital lobes
The posterior cerebral artery supplies what areas of the brain? - ANSWER The
rostral midbrain, posterior thalamus, medial occipital lobe, and inferior and medial
surfaces of the temporal lobe.
Where does the vertebral artery enter the skull? - ANSWER The vertebral artery
originates at the first branch of the subclavian, runs through foramina in cervical
vertebrae C6, enters the base of the skull through the foramen magnum, and
ascends along the medulla.
Name the arteries that form the Circle of Willis. - ANSWER The Circle of Willis
consists of parts of the internal carotid artery, the anterior and posterior cerebral
arteries, interconnected by the anterior and posterior communicating arteries.
What structure makes collateral circulation to the brain possible due to a vascular
anastomosis at the base of the brain? - ANSWER Circle of Willis
The interventricular foramen is also known as - ANSWER The Foramen of Monro
The Aqueduct of Sylvius (aka, cerebral aqueduct) connects what two ventricles? -
ANSWER The third and fourth ventricles
What is the opening between each lateral ventricle and third ventricle? - ANSWER
Foramen of Monro (aka, interventricular foramen)
\
The meninges are the outer coverings of what structures? - ANSWER Brain and
Spinal Cord
Name the three meninges starting with the outermost layer. - ANSWER 1. Dura
Mater: Outermost layer, Strongest and thickest
2. Arachnoid Mater: Middle layer, thin membrane encloses the subarachnoid space
3. Pia Mater: Innermost layer, follows contour of cortex, composed of 2 layers; highly
vascular and sheaths blood vessels as they enter the brain
What is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled space between the arachnoid mater and
pia mater? - ANSWER Subarachnoid Space
Where is the primary motor cortex (Brodmann's are 4) located in the brain? -
ANSWER The primary motor cortex (Brodmann's area) is the precentral gyrus in the
frontal lobe. This gyrus is directly anterior to the central sulcus (Rolandic Fissure); it
is the cortical area from which movements are most easily elicited and the source of
about a third of the corticospinal tract.
Where is the motor speech area (Broca's area) located in the brain - ANSWER The
motor speech area (Broca's area) is located in the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal
lobe in the dominant hemisphere (usually the left hemisphere)
What is the primary somatosensory cortex located in the brain? - ANSWER The
primary somatosensory cortex is the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. This
gyrus is directly posterior to the central sulcus (Rolandic Fissure).
Where is the receptive speech area (Wernicke's area) located in the brain? -
ANSWER The receptive speech area (Wernicke's area) is located in the
supramarginal and angular gyri of the parietal lobe, also includes adjoining regions of
the temporal and occipital lobes, in the dominant hemisphere (usually left
hemisphere).
What does the corpus callosum connect? - ANSWER Right and Left cerebral
hemispheres
Name the main structures that compose the brainstem. - ANSWER The brainstem
contains nuclei for most of the cranial nerves and connects critical pathways in the
brain and spinal cord to the entire body. It is subdivided into the:
1. Medulla
2. Pons
3. Midbrain
The central sulcus is the boundary between what two lobes? - ANSWER The central
sulcus (Rolandic Fissure) is the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes, and
the transition zone between primary motor and primary somatosensory cortex.
, The basal ganglia is composed of? - ANSWER A group of subcortical nuclei, most
prominently including the putamen, globus pallidus, and caudate nucleus
Where is the primary visual cortex (Brodmann's area 17) located? - ANSWER
Calcarine sulcus
What artery supplies blood to the anterior and middle cerebral arteries? - ANSWER
Internal carotid artery
What large vessel is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries? - ANSWER
Basilar artery
What large arteries are formed by the bifurcation of the common carotid artery? -
ANSWER external carotid artery and internal carotid artery
What arteries account for most of the blood supply to the brain? - ANSWER The two
internal carotids account for 85% of cerebral blood flow and thus supply most of the
blood to the brain
The middle cerebral artery supplies what areas of the brain? - ANSWER The insula,
most of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, and the anterior tip of the
temporal lobe
Then anterior cerebral artery supplies to what areas of the brain? - ANSWER The
frontal lobes and medial aspects of the parietal and occipital lobes
The posterior cerebral artery supplies what areas of the brain? - ANSWER The
rostral midbrain, posterior thalamus, medial occipital lobe, and inferior and medial
surfaces of the temporal lobe.
Where does the vertebral artery enter the skull? - ANSWER The vertebral artery
originates at the first branch of the subclavian, runs through foramina in cervical
vertebrae C6, enters the base of the skull through the foramen magnum, and
ascends along the medulla.
Name the arteries that form the Circle of Willis. - ANSWER The Circle of Willis
consists of parts of the internal carotid artery, the anterior and posterior cerebral
arteries, interconnected by the anterior and posterior communicating arteries.
What structure makes collateral circulation to the brain possible due to a vascular
anastomosis at the base of the brain? - ANSWER Circle of Willis
The interventricular foramen is also known as - ANSWER The Foramen of Monro
The Aqueduct of Sylvius (aka, cerebral aqueduct) connects what two ventricles? -
ANSWER The third and fourth ventricles
What is the opening between each lateral ventricle and third ventricle? - ANSWER
Foramen of Monro (aka, interventricular foramen)
