Test Bank - CURRENT Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics,
24th Edition (Levin, 9781259862908), Chapter 1-46 | Rationals
Included
True or False: Restorations are used to stop caries - ANSWER: False! Restorations repair the tooth
structure ... they *do NOT treat the disease that is causing the caries*
List the steps involved in treatment planning for a pediatric patient - ANSWER: - Step #1:
Comprehensive oral examination and caries risk assessment
- Step #2: Evaluation of data and diagnoses
- Step #3: Decide on the restorative plan & behavior guidance approach
- Step #4: Determine recall regimen based on caries risk
- Step #5: Formulate a treatment plan based on caries risk and the behavior guidance approach
What factors place a child at *high caries risk*? - ANSWER: - Decayed, missing, filled surfaces greater
than the child's age
- Numerous white spot lesions
- High levels of mutans streptococci
- Low SES
- High caries rate in siblings/parent
- Diet high in sugar
- Presence of dental appliances
What is the recommended *radiograph interval* recommended for children who have *primary
teeth* with *high caries risk*? - ANSWER: Posterior BW exam at *6-12 month intervals* if the
proximal surfaces cannot be examined visually or with a probe
What is the recommended *radiograph interval* recommended for children who have *primary
teeth* and *no clinical caries and not at increased risk for caries*? - ANSWER: Posterior BW exam at
*12-24 month intervals* if the proximal surfaces cannot be examined visually or with a probe
For *primary teeth* how long does it take for decay to progress through *outer half of enamel*? -
ANSWER: ~1 year
For *primary teeth* how long does it take for decay to progress through *inner half of enamel*? -
ANSWER: ~1 year
For *permanent teeth* how long does it take for decay to progress *entirely through enamel*? -
ANSWER: ~3 years
What is the recommended *radiograph interval* recommended for adolescents who have
*permanent teeth* and *LOW caries risk*? - ANSWER: 18-36 month recall
What is the recommended *radiograph interval* recommended for adolescents who have
*permanent teeth* and *HIGH caries risk*? - ANSWER: 6-12 months
True or False: Immature permanent teeth are susceptible to faster decay progression than adult
permanent teeth - ANSWER: True!
What is a normal finding associated with the *lower primary first molars* that is occasionally
mistaken for pathology? - ANSWER: The lower primary first molars often have an area of *less dense
interradicular bone* ... this should NOT be confused with a furcation radiolucency
, What is a normal finding associated with the *primary maxillary first molar* that is occasionally
mistaken for decay? - ANSWER: There is a discrepancy between the MD width = on the X-ray you see
overlap which may be mistaken for a carious radiolucency, but is actually the mesial concavity and is
NOT pathology
How can you *distinguish the less dense interradicular bone* associated with a primary first molar
*from a furcation radiolucency*? - ANSWER: Look for an intact lamina dura, intact PDL space,
presence of interradicular trabeculation, and absence of decay!
True or False: Glass ionomer is a *temporary* material - ANSWER: True!
What are the *indications* for *pulpectomy*? - ANSWER: - Teeth with deep decay and evidence of
chronic, irreversible inflammation or necrosis of the pulp
- Carious exposure of a vital primary incisor or canine
- Retention of the tooth is required/desired (eg. 2nd primary molar before eruption of the 1st
permanent molar)
What are the *properties* of *glass ionomers* that make them *favorable to use in children*? -
ANSWER: - Chemical bonding to both enamel and dentin
- Thermal expansion similar to that of tooth structure
- Biocompatibility
- Uptake and release of fluoride
- Decreased moisture sensitivity = easier to work with if you cannot obtain perfect isolation
If a patient is *not cooperative* or the *tooth is NOT appropriately and continuously isolated* which
restorative material should be used: composite resin or RMGI? - ANSWER: *Use RMGI!* = does not
require the same level of isolation that is necessary for using a resin composite
What is the *first choice* of material for a *sealant*? - ANSWER: Resin-based sealants
True or False: Glass ionomer cement is the first choice of material for a pit and fissure sealant since
there is associated fluoride release - ANSWER: False! *Resin-based sealants are the first choice of
material*, but GI may be used as an interim preventive agent
What are the *indications* for placing *pit and fissure sealants*? - ANSWER: - Placed on the pits and
fissures of primary and permanent teeth when it is determined the tooth is at *high risk of
experiencing caries*
- Should be placed on *early, non-cavitated lesions*
Describe the *procedural steps* for placing a *sealant*? - ANSWER: - Clean the tooth surface
- Isolate the quadrant and utilize a bite block
- Determine if need to open grooves
- Etch enamel (20-60 seconds) and rinse
- Dry thoroughly
- Apply hydrophilic dentin bonding agent
- Place sealant on the mesial-occlusal surface and drag into the grooves (rivers NOT lakes)
- Polymerize 20-40 seconds
- Evaluate surface coverage, retention and occlusion
- Floss the contacts
True or False: The ideal time to place a sealant is right when the tooth starts to erupt - ANSWER:
False! Ideally you should *wait until the tooth is fully erupted*
Which areas are most likely indicated for a *sealant*? - ANSWER: - Seal OL groove of upper molars
- Seal buccal pit & grooves of lower molars
24th Edition (Levin, 9781259862908), Chapter 1-46 | Rationals
Included
True or False: Restorations are used to stop caries - ANSWER: False! Restorations repair the tooth
structure ... they *do NOT treat the disease that is causing the caries*
List the steps involved in treatment planning for a pediatric patient - ANSWER: - Step #1:
Comprehensive oral examination and caries risk assessment
- Step #2: Evaluation of data and diagnoses
- Step #3: Decide on the restorative plan & behavior guidance approach
- Step #4: Determine recall regimen based on caries risk
- Step #5: Formulate a treatment plan based on caries risk and the behavior guidance approach
What factors place a child at *high caries risk*? - ANSWER: - Decayed, missing, filled surfaces greater
than the child's age
- Numerous white spot lesions
- High levels of mutans streptococci
- Low SES
- High caries rate in siblings/parent
- Diet high in sugar
- Presence of dental appliances
What is the recommended *radiograph interval* recommended for children who have *primary
teeth* with *high caries risk*? - ANSWER: Posterior BW exam at *6-12 month intervals* if the
proximal surfaces cannot be examined visually or with a probe
What is the recommended *radiograph interval* recommended for children who have *primary
teeth* and *no clinical caries and not at increased risk for caries*? - ANSWER: Posterior BW exam at
*12-24 month intervals* if the proximal surfaces cannot be examined visually or with a probe
For *primary teeth* how long does it take for decay to progress through *outer half of enamel*? -
ANSWER: ~1 year
For *primary teeth* how long does it take for decay to progress through *inner half of enamel*? -
ANSWER: ~1 year
For *permanent teeth* how long does it take for decay to progress *entirely through enamel*? -
ANSWER: ~3 years
What is the recommended *radiograph interval* recommended for adolescents who have
*permanent teeth* and *LOW caries risk*? - ANSWER: 18-36 month recall
What is the recommended *radiograph interval* recommended for adolescents who have
*permanent teeth* and *HIGH caries risk*? - ANSWER: 6-12 months
True or False: Immature permanent teeth are susceptible to faster decay progression than adult
permanent teeth - ANSWER: True!
What is a normal finding associated with the *lower primary first molars* that is occasionally
mistaken for pathology? - ANSWER: The lower primary first molars often have an area of *less dense
interradicular bone* ... this should NOT be confused with a furcation radiolucency
, What is a normal finding associated with the *primary maxillary first molar* that is occasionally
mistaken for decay? - ANSWER: There is a discrepancy between the MD width = on the X-ray you see
overlap which may be mistaken for a carious radiolucency, but is actually the mesial concavity and is
NOT pathology
How can you *distinguish the less dense interradicular bone* associated with a primary first molar
*from a furcation radiolucency*? - ANSWER: Look for an intact lamina dura, intact PDL space,
presence of interradicular trabeculation, and absence of decay!
True or False: Glass ionomer is a *temporary* material - ANSWER: True!
What are the *indications* for *pulpectomy*? - ANSWER: - Teeth with deep decay and evidence of
chronic, irreversible inflammation or necrosis of the pulp
- Carious exposure of a vital primary incisor or canine
- Retention of the tooth is required/desired (eg. 2nd primary molar before eruption of the 1st
permanent molar)
What are the *properties* of *glass ionomers* that make them *favorable to use in children*? -
ANSWER: - Chemical bonding to both enamel and dentin
- Thermal expansion similar to that of tooth structure
- Biocompatibility
- Uptake and release of fluoride
- Decreased moisture sensitivity = easier to work with if you cannot obtain perfect isolation
If a patient is *not cooperative* or the *tooth is NOT appropriately and continuously isolated* which
restorative material should be used: composite resin or RMGI? - ANSWER: *Use RMGI!* = does not
require the same level of isolation that is necessary for using a resin composite
What is the *first choice* of material for a *sealant*? - ANSWER: Resin-based sealants
True or False: Glass ionomer cement is the first choice of material for a pit and fissure sealant since
there is associated fluoride release - ANSWER: False! *Resin-based sealants are the first choice of
material*, but GI may be used as an interim preventive agent
What are the *indications* for placing *pit and fissure sealants*? - ANSWER: - Placed on the pits and
fissures of primary and permanent teeth when it is determined the tooth is at *high risk of
experiencing caries*
- Should be placed on *early, non-cavitated lesions*
Describe the *procedural steps* for placing a *sealant*? - ANSWER: - Clean the tooth surface
- Isolate the quadrant and utilize a bite block
- Determine if need to open grooves
- Etch enamel (20-60 seconds) and rinse
- Dry thoroughly
- Apply hydrophilic dentin bonding agent
- Place sealant on the mesial-occlusal surface and drag into the grooves (rivers NOT lakes)
- Polymerize 20-40 seconds
- Evaluate surface coverage, retention and occlusion
- Floss the contacts
True or False: The ideal time to place a sealant is right when the tooth starts to erupt - ANSWER:
False! Ideally you should *wait until the tooth is fully erupted*
Which areas are most likely indicated for a *sealant*? - ANSWER: - Seal OL groove of upper molars
- Seal buccal pit & grooves of lower molars
