PTC FINAL EXAM Questions And Correct Detailed Answers Graded A+.

Culture - correct answer The learned and shared values, a system of beliefs and attitudes or control mechanisms that shape our behavior. Diversity - correct answer Differences in characteristics, qualities, traits, values, beliefs, and mannerisms in self and others based on predetermined factors (i.e., gender, race, etc.) and changeable features (i.e., language, citizenship). Identity - correct answer Defined as knowing who we are and to what groups we belong to. English language learners (ELLs) - correct answer Individuals who are monolingual speakers of other languages. Dual language program - correct answer Emphasis is on the native language first in grades kindergarten and first. Gradual use of English begins in second or third, and both languages are used equally in fourth and fifth grade (90/10 model). The 50/50 model is one in which half of the instruction is English and half in Spanish, but no simultaneously. Some subjects are taught in the native language and others in English. Maintenance program (Late exit) - correct answer Programs focus on maintaining the native language for instruction with ELL component very often up until fifth or sixth grade, depending on the school. Transitional Bilingual Education program - correct answer Instruction in the native language and English from kindergarten and an ELL component. Instruction in the native language decreases until about third or fourth grade, when the native-language instruction is replaced with English instruction. Culturally relevant pedagogy - correct answer A theoretical model that not only addresses student achievement but also helps students accept and affirm their cultural identity while developing critical perspectives that challenge inequities that schools (and other institutions) perpetuate. Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504 - correct answer Requires that "no otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United States, shall solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance". The law requires public schools to provide students with a "free appropriate public education" and, in addition, ensures that students with disabilities are afforded an equal opportunity to participate in school programs. The Americans with Disabilities Act - correct answer A law that states that child-care centers designed as public accommodations, must be available to all who desire to use them. They must serve all children, including those who are disabled, unless (a) the child is a direct threat to self or others, (b) the facility cannot provide child care without it being an undue burden, or (c) the child-care center would have to change the services it provides. Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 - correct answer All people between the ages of 3 and 18 must be provided with free and appropriate public education. The education must be in a program designed to meet the child's needs in the least restrictive environment. Pull out services - correct answer Services in which children with similar needs are "pulled out" of their base classroom to meet with a specialist for small-group teaching. Push in services - correct answer Services in which the specialist assigned to children with disabilities works in their base classroom. Reverse inclusion - correct answer A type of program in which typically developing children are brought to the special education classroom for short periods of time to interact with children with disabilities. Amendments of 1983 - correct answer Extended fiscal authorization for federal aid to state and local school systems; improved reporting and information dissemination requirements; increased assistance to children who are deaf and blind; provided grants for transitional programs; and expanded services for children from birth through 5 years of age. Amendments of 1986: Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities - correct answer Established statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary, interagency programs of early-intervention services for infants and toddlers with handicaps and their families. Provided for public supervision at no cost, meeting the needs of handicapped infants and toddlers, family training, counseling, special instruction, physical therapy, stimulation therapy, case management, diagnosis-qualified personnel, and conformation with the Individualized Family Service Plan. Individuals with disabilities education act amendments - correct answer The term handicapped child was changed to the child with disabilities. All children with disabilities will have an education that is individualized to meet their needs for children 3 to 21. Child Find Project - correct answer All children with disabilities residing in the State, including children with disabilities attending private schools, regardless of the severity of their disabilities, and who are in need of special education and related services are identified, located, and evaluated and a practical method is developed and implemented to determine which children with disabilities are currently receiving needed special education and related services. Child abuse - correct answer The physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child's welfare under circumstances which indicate that the child's health or welfare is harmed or threatened thereby. Maltreatment - correct answer Any acts or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver (e.g., clergy, coach, teacher) that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. physical neglect - correct answer Refers to the parents' failure to provide the necessities - adequate shelter, care and supervision, food, clothing, and protection. The most common type of child abuse. Educational neglect - correct answer Occurs when parents permit chronic truancy, fail to make sure their child attends school, or fail to tend to any special educational needs of the child. Emotional neglect - correct answer Includes refusal to provide psychological help if the child needs it, exposure of the child to abuse of someone else (e.g., spousal abuse in the child's presence), and permission for use of drugs and alcohol by the child. physically abused - correct answer child shows signs of injury - welts, cuts, bruises, burns, or fractures. Shaken baby syndrome - correct answer Children under 2 have undeveloped neck muscles, and sudden motion can result in the brain pulling away and tearing blood vessels and brain cells and can result in this syndrome that can cause death. emotional neglect and abuse - correct answer A pattern of behavior that can seriously interfere with a child's emotional development. Sexual abuse - correct answer The employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in, or assist any other person to engage in, any sexually explicit conduct or simulation of such conduct for the purpose of producing a visual depiction of such conduct. The rape, and in cases of caretaker or interfamilial relationships, statutory rape, molestation, prostitution, or other form of sexual exploitation of children, or incest with children.