Exam 4 BIO 169 (Answered) 129 Questions and
Correct Answers, Latest Update Fall 2024/2025. 100%
Correct With Verified Solution.
The interstitial fluid within the medulla has a __________________ osmolarity than the interstitial
fluid within the cortex.
higher
The vasa recta is a specialized capillary that branches from the ___________ arteriole. The blood flow
in the vasa recta runs _______________ to the flow of tubular filtrate within the nephron loop.
efferent; parallel, but in the opposite direction
Individuals with Bartter syndrome have a defective gene coding for Na+/K+/2Cl- symport (NKCC2) that
disables it from functioning. These individuals are expected to have ___________ than normal blood
potassium levels. This response is the ___________ what is expected from individuals taking
prescribed loop diuretics.
lower; same as
The nephron loop is responsible for approximately 25% of the reabsorption of sodium. Loop diuretics
cause an overall __________________ in the reabsorption of sodium in this region resulting in a/n
________________________ in the osmolarity of the tubular filtrate.
decrease; increase
Decreased Na+ and water reabsorption due to the use of loop diuretics and thiazides __________ the
concentration gradient of the interstitial fluid, thereby _____________ the osmotic force at the
collecting tubule and duct.
lowers; reducing
The majority of sodium reabsorption occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule. During this process
sodium enters the tubule cells at the ___________________ and exits the tubule cells at the
____________________.
luminal membrane by facilitated diffusion; basolateral membrane through the sodium potassium pump
Glucose that is reabsorbed into tubular cells travels __________ its concentration gradient through
sodium-glucose symport channels at the luminal membrane. Glucose in tubular cells exits the
basolateral membrane into interstitial fluid through the process of ______________________.
against; facilitated diffusion
Under normal conditions, the majority of uric acid reabsorption occurs at the
_______________________.
proximal convoluted tubule
, Treatment with Probenecid® results in _________________ levels of uric acid in the urine and
__________________ levels of uric acid in the blood.
increased; decreased
Inactivating the sodium-glucose symport SGLT2 inhibits the reabsorption of glucose by
preventing glucose from entering the tubular cells.
Inhibiting the sodium-glucose symport SGLT2 is expected to cause a/an __________________________
in the osmolarity of the tubular filtrate, and would thus _____________________ the risk of
dehydration.
increase; increase
Filtration is a/an __________ process that depends on a __________ gradient.
passive; pressure
When systemic blood pressure decreases, the result is that the __________ arterioles change diameter
by undergoing __________.
afferent; vasodilation
An increase in the NFP would result in a(n) _______________ in the GFR.
increase
Renin is released in response to ________________________ stimulation.
sympathetic
Angiotensin II triggers the __________________________ of the intraglomerular mesangial cells which
results in a/an _______________________________ of the filtration surface area.
contraction; decrease
ACE inhibitors are prescribed to control blood pressure. These drugs work by reducing
the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
If both the glomerular and capsular hydrostatic pressures remain unchanged, an increase in the blood
colloid osmotic pressure results in a/an _____________ in the net filtration pressure.
decrease
Which of the following forces oppose glomerular filtration?
capsular hydrostatic pressure (HPc) and blood colloid osmotic pressure (OPg)
Glomerulosclerosis results in a ____________________ of the basement membrane.
thickening
Correct Answers, Latest Update Fall 2024/2025. 100%
Correct With Verified Solution.
The interstitial fluid within the medulla has a __________________ osmolarity than the interstitial
fluid within the cortex.
higher
The vasa recta is a specialized capillary that branches from the ___________ arteriole. The blood flow
in the vasa recta runs _______________ to the flow of tubular filtrate within the nephron loop.
efferent; parallel, but in the opposite direction
Individuals with Bartter syndrome have a defective gene coding for Na+/K+/2Cl- symport (NKCC2) that
disables it from functioning. These individuals are expected to have ___________ than normal blood
potassium levels. This response is the ___________ what is expected from individuals taking
prescribed loop diuretics.
lower; same as
The nephron loop is responsible for approximately 25% of the reabsorption of sodium. Loop diuretics
cause an overall __________________ in the reabsorption of sodium in this region resulting in a/n
________________________ in the osmolarity of the tubular filtrate.
decrease; increase
Decreased Na+ and water reabsorption due to the use of loop diuretics and thiazides __________ the
concentration gradient of the interstitial fluid, thereby _____________ the osmotic force at the
collecting tubule and duct.
lowers; reducing
The majority of sodium reabsorption occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule. During this process
sodium enters the tubule cells at the ___________________ and exits the tubule cells at the
____________________.
luminal membrane by facilitated diffusion; basolateral membrane through the sodium potassium pump
Glucose that is reabsorbed into tubular cells travels __________ its concentration gradient through
sodium-glucose symport channels at the luminal membrane. Glucose in tubular cells exits the
basolateral membrane into interstitial fluid through the process of ______________________.
against; facilitated diffusion
Under normal conditions, the majority of uric acid reabsorption occurs at the
_______________________.
proximal convoluted tubule
, Treatment with Probenecid® results in _________________ levels of uric acid in the urine and
__________________ levels of uric acid in the blood.
increased; decreased
Inactivating the sodium-glucose symport SGLT2 inhibits the reabsorption of glucose by
preventing glucose from entering the tubular cells.
Inhibiting the sodium-glucose symport SGLT2 is expected to cause a/an __________________________
in the osmolarity of the tubular filtrate, and would thus _____________________ the risk of
dehydration.
increase; increase
Filtration is a/an __________ process that depends on a __________ gradient.
passive; pressure
When systemic blood pressure decreases, the result is that the __________ arterioles change diameter
by undergoing __________.
afferent; vasodilation
An increase in the NFP would result in a(n) _______________ in the GFR.
increase
Renin is released in response to ________________________ stimulation.
sympathetic
Angiotensin II triggers the __________________________ of the intraglomerular mesangial cells which
results in a/an _______________________________ of the filtration surface area.
contraction; decrease
ACE inhibitors are prescribed to control blood pressure. These drugs work by reducing
the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
If both the glomerular and capsular hydrostatic pressures remain unchanged, an increase in the blood
colloid osmotic pressure results in a/an _____________ in the net filtration pressure.
decrease
Which of the following forces oppose glomerular filtration?
capsular hydrostatic pressure (HPc) and blood colloid osmotic pressure (OPg)
Glomerulosclerosis results in a ____________________ of the basement membrane.
thickening
