Cardiovascular System
COMPONENTS:
→ Heart: → Pumps the blood around the body.
↳ At a rate of 5L/minute.
→ Blood vessels: → Carries blood around the body.
↳ 5-7 litres of blood.
→ Blood: → Circulates oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and carries waste away for removal.
FUNCTIONS:
→ Transportation: → Of blood to body tissue.
→ Protection: → White blood cells clean up debris and fight infections.
↳ Platelets and red blood cells form scab that prevent infection and open wounds.
↳ As well, blood carrie’s antibodies to help protect individuals from specific infections.
→ Regulation: → Helps maintain body temperature.
→ Balances the body’s pH.
→ Maintains concentration of body cells.
THE HEART:
→ Located in the thoracic region, between the lungs.
↳ 2/3 of the heart is on the left side of the body.
→ A four-chambered ‘double pump’ where the left and right sides function separately.
↳ The right side pumps deoxygenated blood & the left pumps oxygenated blood.
→ Each heartbeat pumps both sides of the heart simultaneously.
Aorta.
Superior vena cava.
Right pulmonary artery. Left pulmonary artery.
Right pulmonary veins. Left pulmonary veins.
Left atrium.
Right atrium.
Left ventricle.
Right ventricle.
Inferior vena cava. Septum.
Descending aorta.
BLOOD VESSELS:
→ Allows blood to travel from the heart to every area of the body and back.
↳ Sized according to how much blood passes through that particular area of the body.
→ Blood travels through a hollow area called the lumen, which is encased in a wall.
↳ Thin for capillaries and thick for arteries.
→ The blood vessels are lined with endothelium. which keeps blood inside of them and prevents the formation of clots.
ARTERIES:
→ Carries blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated).
↳ The only exception is the pulmonary trunk circulation loop, which carrie’s deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
→ They have high levels of blood pressure, as the blood is being pushed from the heart.
↳ Hence the thicker vessel walls.
→ Bigger arteries are more elastic to accommodate the pressure, whereas smaller arteries are muscular and contract/expand to regulate blood flow.
COMPONENTS:
→ Heart: → Pumps the blood around the body.
↳ At a rate of 5L/minute.
→ Blood vessels: → Carries blood around the body.
↳ 5-7 litres of blood.
→ Blood: → Circulates oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and carries waste away for removal.
FUNCTIONS:
→ Transportation: → Of blood to body tissue.
→ Protection: → White blood cells clean up debris and fight infections.
↳ Platelets and red blood cells form scab that prevent infection and open wounds.
↳ As well, blood carrie’s antibodies to help protect individuals from specific infections.
→ Regulation: → Helps maintain body temperature.
→ Balances the body’s pH.
→ Maintains concentration of body cells.
THE HEART:
→ Located in the thoracic region, between the lungs.
↳ 2/3 of the heart is on the left side of the body.
→ A four-chambered ‘double pump’ where the left and right sides function separately.
↳ The right side pumps deoxygenated blood & the left pumps oxygenated blood.
→ Each heartbeat pumps both sides of the heart simultaneously.
Aorta.
Superior vena cava.
Right pulmonary artery. Left pulmonary artery.
Right pulmonary veins. Left pulmonary veins.
Left atrium.
Right atrium.
Left ventricle.
Right ventricle.
Inferior vena cava. Septum.
Descending aorta.
BLOOD VESSELS:
→ Allows blood to travel from the heart to every area of the body and back.
↳ Sized according to how much blood passes through that particular area of the body.
→ Blood travels through a hollow area called the lumen, which is encased in a wall.
↳ Thin for capillaries and thick for arteries.
→ The blood vessels are lined with endothelium. which keeps blood inside of them and prevents the formation of clots.
ARTERIES:
→ Carries blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated).
↳ The only exception is the pulmonary trunk circulation loop, which carrie’s deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
→ They have high levels of blood pressure, as the blood is being pushed from the heart.
↳ Hence the thicker vessel walls.
→ Bigger arteries are more elastic to accommodate the pressure, whereas smaller arteries are muscular and contract/expand to regulate blood flow.
