Urinary
→ AKA renal system.
→ The urinary system removes a type of waste called urea from your blood. Urea is produced when foods containing protein such as meat, poultry & certain
vegetables are broken down in the body. Urea is carried into the bloodstream to the kidneys.
FUNCTIONS:
1. Produce. → The kidneys make urine by filtering waste and extra water from blood. Urine travels
2. Store. from the kidneys through two thin tubes called ureters and fills the bladder. When the
3. Eliminate urine (the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys). bladder is full, a person urinates through the urethra to eliminate the waste.
KIDNEYS: Cortex. Capsule.
i
→ The kidneys are bean-shaped organs about the size of your fists.
→ They are situated high on the posterior abdominal wall, just below the rib cage.
Renal artery. Renal column.
→ The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons.
↳ They filter about 240 to 300 cups of blood to make 2 to 4 cups of urine. Renal vein.
Medulla.
URETERS: Ureter.
Interlobular
→ From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin and tubes called ureters to the bladder. arterioles & venules.
→ Ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long. Interlobular arteries & veins.
→ Muscles in the ureter walls constantly tighten and relax to force urine downward away from the kidneys.
→ If urine is allowed to stand still, or back up, a kidney infection can develop.
BLADDER:
→ The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ shaped like a balloon. Kidney. Kidney.
→ The bladder stores urine until you are ready to empty it.
→ It swells into a round shape when it is full and gets smaller when empty.
Ureter.
→ If the urinary system is healthy, the bladder can hold up to 2 cups of urine comfortably for 2 to 5 hours.
URETHRA: Bladder.
→ Urine leaves the bladder through the urethra to be excreted from the body. Sphincter. Urethra.
→ Circular muscles called sphincters, help keep urine from leaking.
↳ The sphincter muscles close tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder into the urethra; the tube that allows urine to pass outside the body.
→ Women have a shorter urethra (~4cm) than men (~20cm).
→ The female urethra is almost straight and comes out of the vagina.
→ The male urethra is bent in two and comes out in the glands of the penis.
MICTURITION:
→ When urinate or micturate, the brain signals the bladder muscles to tighten, squeezing urine out of the bladder.
↳ At the same time, the brain signals the sphincter muscles to relax. As these muscles, relax, urine exits the bladder through the urethra.
CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE RENAL SYSTEM: RISK FACTORS:
→ Kidney stones. → Infections such as E. coli & staphylococcus.
→ Urinary tract infections (UTI’s). → Holding the bladder for too long.
→ AKA renal system.
→ The urinary system removes a type of waste called urea from your blood. Urea is produced when foods containing protein such as meat, poultry & certain
vegetables are broken down in the body. Urea is carried into the bloodstream to the kidneys.
FUNCTIONS:
1. Produce. → The kidneys make urine by filtering waste and extra water from blood. Urine travels
2. Store. from the kidneys through two thin tubes called ureters and fills the bladder. When the
3. Eliminate urine (the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys). bladder is full, a person urinates through the urethra to eliminate the waste.
KIDNEYS: Cortex. Capsule.
i
→ The kidneys are bean-shaped organs about the size of your fists.
→ They are situated high on the posterior abdominal wall, just below the rib cage.
Renal artery. Renal column.
→ The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons.
↳ They filter about 240 to 300 cups of blood to make 2 to 4 cups of urine. Renal vein.
Medulla.
URETERS: Ureter.
Interlobular
→ From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin and tubes called ureters to the bladder. arterioles & venules.
→ Ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long. Interlobular arteries & veins.
→ Muscles in the ureter walls constantly tighten and relax to force urine downward away from the kidneys.
→ If urine is allowed to stand still, or back up, a kidney infection can develop.
BLADDER:
→ The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ shaped like a balloon. Kidney. Kidney.
→ The bladder stores urine until you are ready to empty it.
→ It swells into a round shape when it is full and gets smaller when empty.
Ureter.
→ If the urinary system is healthy, the bladder can hold up to 2 cups of urine comfortably for 2 to 5 hours.
URETHRA: Bladder.
→ Urine leaves the bladder through the urethra to be excreted from the body. Sphincter. Urethra.
→ Circular muscles called sphincters, help keep urine from leaking.
↳ The sphincter muscles close tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder into the urethra; the tube that allows urine to pass outside the body.
→ Women have a shorter urethra (~4cm) than men (~20cm).
→ The female urethra is almost straight and comes out of the vagina.
→ The male urethra is bent in two and comes out in the glands of the penis.
MICTURITION:
→ When urinate or micturate, the brain signals the bladder muscles to tighten, squeezing urine out of the bladder.
↳ At the same time, the brain signals the sphincter muscles to relax. As these muscles, relax, urine exits the bladder through the urethra.
CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE RENAL SYSTEM: RISK FACTORS:
→ Kidney stones. → Infections such as E. coli & staphylococcus.
→ Urinary tract infections (UTI’s). → Holding the bladder for too long.
