Test Bank - Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8th
and 9th Edition by Johnson, All Chapters
Define science - ANSWER: The study of the natural (physical) world
Define biology - ANSWER: The study of living organisms in the natural world
What is the scientific method? - ANSWER: Observation, hypothesis, test, results
When do experimental results become general knowledge? - ANSWER: After being published in a
scientific journal
What are the properties of living things? - ANSWER: cells, reproduction, energy utilization,
evolutionary adaptation and homeostasis
What is Cell Theory? - ANSWER: Cells are the smallest unit of life and replicates
What are some parts of a cell? - ANSWER: nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondria, cell membrane,
golgi bodies
What is a scientific theory? - ANSWER: An idea supported by many hypotheses from different
practices/multiple disciplines
What is pseudo-science? - ANSWER: A system of theories erroneously regarded as science
Who was Robert Hooke? - ANSWER: In 1635, Robert Hooke put cork (made from a tree) underneath a
microscope and discovered plant cells
Who was Anton van Leeuwenhoek? - ANSWER: In 1674. Anton V. L. coined the term "animalcules"
What is energy utilization? - ANSWER: The metabolic system - organisms take energy to do work
What is response to environment? - ANSWER: When individuals respond to stimuli
What is evolutionary adaptation? - ANSWER: When organisms adapt to their environment
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER: A regulatory mechanism to maintain a stable internal environment
What are the 4 macromolecules in all living things? - ANSWER: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and
nucleic acids
What are carbohydrates? - ANSWER: Sugars - energy and structure (ex. glucose, C6H12O6, preferred
for ATP)
What are proteins? - ANSWER: Proteins are structural, links of amino acids held together by peptide
bonds
What are lipids? - ANSWER: Storage, insulation (ex. fats, steroids or phospholipids which makes up
the cell membrane)
What are nucleic acids? - ANSWER: Store information - long string of nucleotides (ex. DNA -
deoxyribonucleic acid)
What does "Amin" in "amino acid" refer to? - ANSWER: Nitrogen
, How many different amino acids do humans have? - ANSWER: 20 (like the limited letters in the
alphabet make many words)
What is fat made up of? - ANSWER: glycerol head and hydrocarbons (fatty acid tails)
What does organic mean? - ANSWER: carbon based
What does life require? - ANSWER: Liquid water, stable temperature, atmosphere (O2 and ozone
layer)
Why does life require liquid water? - ANSWER: Holds cells together - plasma member
How old is the Mars rock? - ANSWER: about 13,000 years ago
What are some of the characteristics of Mars that suggests life? - ANSWER: fossils, minerals
associated with life and other complex chemicals
What are the 5 possibilities of life on Mars? - ANSWER: 1) Mars never had life 2) Mars had life early on
but it died out 3) Mars had early life, still persists in mostly dormant form beneath the surface 4) Mars
didn't have life until Earth seeded it, naturally (meteor impact) 5) Mars was introduced to the
microbes on space programs spreading Earth-based life
What are extremophiles? - ANSWER: Organisms that adapt to live in extreme conditions
What element could life on Mars have been based on if it wasn't carbon? - ANSWER: Silicon
What is the big picture of DNA as a blueprint for life? - ANSWER: The unique complement of DNA is
the instructions for unique sets of proteins which are the reasons behind unique appearance and
behavior
How many chromosomes do humans have in each cell? - ANSWER: 23 pairs...46 total
What is a karyotype? - ANSWER: The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell
nuclei of an organism or species. (unique to each chromosome)
What is a homologous chromosome? - ANSWER: Same chromosome but from two difference sources
(mama y papa)
Genes code for_____ - ANSWER: specific proteins
What are the 4 nucleotides? - ANSWER: ATGC - Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
Who discovered the structure of DNA? - ANSWER: In the 1950s, Watson, Crick, Wilkins and Franklin
discovered the structure of DNA
What kind of sugars are the sugar-phosphate "handrails" of DNA made of? - ANSWER: Ribose
A protein is a ____ of amino acids. - ANSWER: Polymer
Why is DNA shaped like a ladder? - ANSWER: It provides a linear sequence
How many carbons does ribose have? - ANSWER: 5 carbons
How many different proteins do humans have? - ANSWER: Over 1 million different types of proteins
and 9th Edition by Johnson, All Chapters
Define science - ANSWER: The study of the natural (physical) world
Define biology - ANSWER: The study of living organisms in the natural world
What is the scientific method? - ANSWER: Observation, hypothesis, test, results
When do experimental results become general knowledge? - ANSWER: After being published in a
scientific journal
What are the properties of living things? - ANSWER: cells, reproduction, energy utilization,
evolutionary adaptation and homeostasis
What is Cell Theory? - ANSWER: Cells are the smallest unit of life and replicates
What are some parts of a cell? - ANSWER: nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondria, cell membrane,
golgi bodies
What is a scientific theory? - ANSWER: An idea supported by many hypotheses from different
practices/multiple disciplines
What is pseudo-science? - ANSWER: A system of theories erroneously regarded as science
Who was Robert Hooke? - ANSWER: In 1635, Robert Hooke put cork (made from a tree) underneath a
microscope and discovered plant cells
Who was Anton van Leeuwenhoek? - ANSWER: In 1674. Anton V. L. coined the term "animalcules"
What is energy utilization? - ANSWER: The metabolic system - organisms take energy to do work
What is response to environment? - ANSWER: When individuals respond to stimuli
What is evolutionary adaptation? - ANSWER: When organisms adapt to their environment
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER: A regulatory mechanism to maintain a stable internal environment
What are the 4 macromolecules in all living things? - ANSWER: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and
nucleic acids
What are carbohydrates? - ANSWER: Sugars - energy and structure (ex. glucose, C6H12O6, preferred
for ATP)
What are proteins? - ANSWER: Proteins are structural, links of amino acids held together by peptide
bonds
What are lipids? - ANSWER: Storage, insulation (ex. fats, steroids or phospholipids which makes up
the cell membrane)
What are nucleic acids? - ANSWER: Store information - long string of nucleotides (ex. DNA -
deoxyribonucleic acid)
What does "Amin" in "amino acid" refer to? - ANSWER: Nitrogen
, How many different amino acids do humans have? - ANSWER: 20 (like the limited letters in the
alphabet make many words)
What is fat made up of? - ANSWER: glycerol head and hydrocarbons (fatty acid tails)
What does organic mean? - ANSWER: carbon based
What does life require? - ANSWER: Liquid water, stable temperature, atmosphere (O2 and ozone
layer)
Why does life require liquid water? - ANSWER: Holds cells together - plasma member
How old is the Mars rock? - ANSWER: about 13,000 years ago
What are some of the characteristics of Mars that suggests life? - ANSWER: fossils, minerals
associated with life and other complex chemicals
What are the 5 possibilities of life on Mars? - ANSWER: 1) Mars never had life 2) Mars had life early on
but it died out 3) Mars had early life, still persists in mostly dormant form beneath the surface 4) Mars
didn't have life until Earth seeded it, naturally (meteor impact) 5) Mars was introduced to the
microbes on space programs spreading Earth-based life
What are extremophiles? - ANSWER: Organisms that adapt to live in extreme conditions
What element could life on Mars have been based on if it wasn't carbon? - ANSWER: Silicon
What is the big picture of DNA as a blueprint for life? - ANSWER: The unique complement of DNA is
the instructions for unique sets of proteins which are the reasons behind unique appearance and
behavior
How many chromosomes do humans have in each cell? - ANSWER: 23 pairs...46 total
What is a karyotype? - ANSWER: The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell
nuclei of an organism or species. (unique to each chromosome)
What is a homologous chromosome? - ANSWER: Same chromosome but from two difference sources
(mama y papa)
Genes code for_____ - ANSWER: specific proteins
What are the 4 nucleotides? - ANSWER: ATGC - Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
Who discovered the structure of DNA? - ANSWER: In the 1950s, Watson, Crick, Wilkins and Franklin
discovered the structure of DNA
What kind of sugars are the sugar-phosphate "handrails" of DNA made of? - ANSWER: Ribose
A protein is a ____ of amino acids. - ANSWER: Polymer
Why is DNA shaped like a ladder? - ANSWER: It provides a linear sequence
How many carbons does ribose have? - ANSWER: 5 carbons
How many different proteins do humans have? - ANSWER: Over 1 million different types of proteins
