Test Bank For Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Res
piratory Disease 8th Jardins | 9780323553698 | All Chapters
with Answers and Rationals
Sensitivity equation - ANSWER:TP/(TP+FN)
For a qualitative test, sensitivity is determined by... - ANSWER:The number of true positives divided b
y all results that should have been positive
Predictive value for a negative qualitative test - ANSWER:NPV = TN/(TN+FN)
NPV is best described as... - ANSWER:The number of true negative values divided by all observed neg
ative values
Precision is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSWER:Standard deviation
Accuracy is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSWER:Mean
Specificity equation - ANSWER:TN/(TN+FP)
For a qualitative test, specificity is determined by... - ANSWER:The number of true negatives divided
by all results that should have been negative
What are the key parameters for a qualitative test? - ANSWER:Specificity, sensitivity, predictive value,
and accuracy
What are the key parameters for quantitative test? - ANSWER:Accuracy, precision, reference range, a
nd critical values
Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) can be used to measure analytes including... - ANSWER:pH, Na, Cl, CO2,
K
,(T/F) Hospital/clinical laboratories tend to have a higher degree of automation to handle high volume
s of samples, whereas point-of-care labs focus on convenience and immediate results. - ANSWER:Tru
e
(T/F) Fluorescence emission light wavelength is longer than excitation light wavelengths. - ANSWER:T
rue
Which type of patient information do clinical laboratory tests typically provide to the physician? - AN
SWER:Objective and personalized patient information
What is a homogenous immunoassay that does not require separation of bound antigen from unbou
nd antigen during the assay? - ANSWER:EMIT
What is an amount of enzyme that catalyze the conversation of one micromole of substrate in 1 minu
te? - ANSWER:International unit
Enzyme-based clinical assays can measure what two things? - ANSWER:Endogenous enzymes and en
dogenous substrates
UV/Visible absorbance assays rely on what to determine the concentration of an analyte in solution o
r samples? - ANSWER:The Beer-Lambert Law
What does nephelometry measure? - ANSWER:It measures the scatter of light by particles (light scatt
ering of the sample/the stability of the sample)
What does refractometry measure? - ANSWER:Light bending as it passes through different media
Why is LC/MS more selective than LC/UV? - ANSWER:MS can determine molecular weight, detect no
vel substances, and has high mass accuracy.
What type of test is most often available over the counter for home pregnancy test? - ANSWER:Immu
nochromatographic assay
What hormone is most likely to interfere with a home pregnancy test? - ANSWER:Follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)
,Waiver of a test by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) indicates that the test is... -
ANSWER:So simple and accurate to render the likely of error negligible and can be cleared by the FD
A for home use
What is typically the soonest pregnancy can be detected using the human chorionic gonadotropin (h
CG) test? - ANSWER:7 to 10 days after conception
Which hormone stimulates/promotes fertility in both men and women? - ANSWER:Follicle stimulatin
g hormone (FSH)
Which sample (specimen) has the longest window for being able to detect drug use? - ANSWER:Hair
Fractional excretion of sodium uses a measure of sodium present in urine and it is calculated based o
n the relative levels of what else in urine? - ANSWER:Creatinine
Calcium levels must be corrected in blood samples because of what feature? - ANSWER:Binding by se
rum albumin
Hyponatremia is... - ANSWER:Decreased blood sodium levels
What is the normal value for fractional excretion of sodium? - ANSWER:1-2%
What is the most abundant anion found in extracellular fluids? - ANSWER:Chloride
Which of the following is not used to measure electrolytes in a clinical laboratory: ion selective electr
odes, flame photometry, or immunochromatographic method? - ANSWER:Immunochromatographic
method
An increase in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of pota
ssium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia). - ANSWER:Alkalosis & hypokalemia
What could lead to depletional hyponatremia? - ANSWER:Vomiting, excessive sweating, and diarrhea
, Hypernatremia is... - ANSWER:Elevated blood sodium levels
The major extracellular fluid electrolyte - ANSWER:Sodium
Which of the following is not one of the homeostatic (normal) mechanisms involved in establishing t
he Na+/water balance: ADH, aldosterone, SIADH, renin/angiotensin? - ANSWER:SIADH
A decrease in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of pota
ssium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia) - ANSWER:Acidosis & hyperkalemia
Major extracellular electrolyte - ANSWER:Sodium
Major intracellular electrolyte - ANSWER:Potassium
Most abundant anion found in the intracellular environment? - ANSWER:Phosphate
The buffy coat includes... - ANSWER:WBCs and platelets
Normocytic anemia is caused by - ANSWER:Acute blood loss
What is the role of platelets? - ANSWER:They are involved in control of clotting
What coagulation pathways does aPTT assay monitor? - ANSWER:The intrinsic pathway and is import
ant to heparin therapy
(T/F) MCV, Hct, Hgh are the same in all people. - ANSWER:False, unique to men, women, children, an
d infants.
RBCs - ANSWER:Carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin to the tissues
MCV (mean cell/corpuscle volume) formula - ANSWER:Hct (hematocrit)/RBC count
piratory Disease 8th Jardins | 9780323553698 | All Chapters
with Answers and Rationals
Sensitivity equation - ANSWER:TP/(TP+FN)
For a qualitative test, sensitivity is determined by... - ANSWER:The number of true positives divided b
y all results that should have been positive
Predictive value for a negative qualitative test - ANSWER:NPV = TN/(TN+FN)
NPV is best described as... - ANSWER:The number of true negative values divided by all observed neg
ative values
Precision is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSWER:Standard deviation
Accuracy is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSWER:Mean
Specificity equation - ANSWER:TN/(TN+FP)
For a qualitative test, specificity is determined by... - ANSWER:The number of true negatives divided
by all results that should have been negative
What are the key parameters for a qualitative test? - ANSWER:Specificity, sensitivity, predictive value,
and accuracy
What are the key parameters for quantitative test? - ANSWER:Accuracy, precision, reference range, a
nd critical values
Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) can be used to measure analytes including... - ANSWER:pH, Na, Cl, CO2,
K
,(T/F) Hospital/clinical laboratories tend to have a higher degree of automation to handle high volume
s of samples, whereas point-of-care labs focus on convenience and immediate results. - ANSWER:Tru
e
(T/F) Fluorescence emission light wavelength is longer than excitation light wavelengths. - ANSWER:T
rue
Which type of patient information do clinical laboratory tests typically provide to the physician? - AN
SWER:Objective and personalized patient information
What is a homogenous immunoassay that does not require separation of bound antigen from unbou
nd antigen during the assay? - ANSWER:EMIT
What is an amount of enzyme that catalyze the conversation of one micromole of substrate in 1 minu
te? - ANSWER:International unit
Enzyme-based clinical assays can measure what two things? - ANSWER:Endogenous enzymes and en
dogenous substrates
UV/Visible absorbance assays rely on what to determine the concentration of an analyte in solution o
r samples? - ANSWER:The Beer-Lambert Law
What does nephelometry measure? - ANSWER:It measures the scatter of light by particles (light scatt
ering of the sample/the stability of the sample)
What does refractometry measure? - ANSWER:Light bending as it passes through different media
Why is LC/MS more selective than LC/UV? - ANSWER:MS can determine molecular weight, detect no
vel substances, and has high mass accuracy.
What type of test is most often available over the counter for home pregnancy test? - ANSWER:Immu
nochromatographic assay
What hormone is most likely to interfere with a home pregnancy test? - ANSWER:Follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)
,Waiver of a test by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) indicates that the test is... -
ANSWER:So simple and accurate to render the likely of error negligible and can be cleared by the FD
A for home use
What is typically the soonest pregnancy can be detected using the human chorionic gonadotropin (h
CG) test? - ANSWER:7 to 10 days after conception
Which hormone stimulates/promotes fertility in both men and women? - ANSWER:Follicle stimulatin
g hormone (FSH)
Which sample (specimen) has the longest window for being able to detect drug use? - ANSWER:Hair
Fractional excretion of sodium uses a measure of sodium present in urine and it is calculated based o
n the relative levels of what else in urine? - ANSWER:Creatinine
Calcium levels must be corrected in blood samples because of what feature? - ANSWER:Binding by se
rum albumin
Hyponatremia is... - ANSWER:Decreased blood sodium levels
What is the normal value for fractional excretion of sodium? - ANSWER:1-2%
What is the most abundant anion found in extracellular fluids? - ANSWER:Chloride
Which of the following is not used to measure electrolytes in a clinical laboratory: ion selective electr
odes, flame photometry, or immunochromatographic method? - ANSWER:Immunochromatographic
method
An increase in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of pota
ssium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia). - ANSWER:Alkalosis & hypokalemia
What could lead to depletional hyponatremia? - ANSWER:Vomiting, excessive sweating, and diarrhea
, Hypernatremia is... - ANSWER:Elevated blood sodium levels
The major extracellular fluid electrolyte - ANSWER:Sodium
Which of the following is not one of the homeostatic (normal) mechanisms involved in establishing t
he Na+/water balance: ADH, aldosterone, SIADH, renin/angiotensin? - ANSWER:SIADH
A decrease in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of pota
ssium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia) - ANSWER:Acidosis & hyperkalemia
Major extracellular electrolyte - ANSWER:Sodium
Major intracellular electrolyte - ANSWER:Potassium
Most abundant anion found in the intracellular environment? - ANSWER:Phosphate
The buffy coat includes... - ANSWER:WBCs and platelets
Normocytic anemia is caused by - ANSWER:Acute blood loss
What is the role of platelets? - ANSWER:They are involved in control of clotting
What coagulation pathways does aPTT assay monitor? - ANSWER:The intrinsic pathway and is import
ant to heparin therapy
(T/F) MCV, Hct, Hgh are the same in all people. - ANSWER:False, unique to men, women, children, an
d infants.
RBCs - ANSWER:Carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin to the tissues
MCV (mean cell/corpuscle volume) formula - ANSWER:Hct (hematocrit)/RBC count
