Test Bank - Community Health Nursing, A Canadian
Perspective, 4th, 5th Edition Stamler
What is the difference between upstream and downstream thinking? - ANSWER: Upstream thinking:
What are the relevant factors that influence the clients health (bigger picture)
Downstream thinking: Focused on the issue at hand
What is the difference between primary health care and primary care? - ANSWER: Primary care: First
contact between individuals and the health care system
Primary health care: Comprehensive and includes disease prevention
What are the 12 determinants of health? - ANSWER: - Income and social status
- Social support network
- Education and literacy
- Employment and working conditions
- Physical environment
- Biology and genetic endowment
- Personal health practices and coping skills
- Healthy child development
- Gender
- Culture
- Social environment
- Health services
What are the major differences between population-focused care and traditional direct-care? -
ANSWER: Population - focused: Problems are defined and solutions are implemented for or with a
defined community
Traditional Health Care: The individual is the focus
What are the key features of a public health nurse? - ANSWER: - Population-focused
- Community as context
- Health and prevention-focused
- Interventions at the community or population level
True or False:
In the community practice, the dominant needs of the population outweigh the expressed needs of
one person or a few people. - ANSWER: True
What are two strategies used by community health nurses as they partner with clients to build
capacity? - ANSWER: Empowerment and advocacy
Why is primary health care relevant to community health nursing? - ANSWER: - Provides essential
health care services
- Focuses on health promotion, disease prevention, and health protection
- Includes therapeutic, curative, and rehabilitative care
- Promotes coordination and interdisciplinary collaboration
- Focuses on the client as an equal partner in health with health professionals
What is the relevance of the social determinants of health to community health nursing practice? -
ANSWER: Community health nurses must recognize that the social determinants of health can predict
, the health of populations and that healthy public policy includes consideration of the social
determinants of health.
True or false:
The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) was a partner in public health development in Canada. -
ANSWER: True
What are two types of community health nursing that existed in Canada in the early twentieth
century? - ANSWER: Visiting nursing and outpost nursing
What are factors that have contributed to a stronger focus on community health care? - ANSWER:
Outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), avian flu, listeriosis, and H1N1; creation of
the Public Health Agency of Canada in 2004; visibility of the Community Health Nurses Association;
increased demands for home care for an aging population and increased chronic illness; emphasis on
population health and the social determinants of health
True or false:
In Canada, the terms community health nursing and public health nursing are interchangeable. -
ANSWER: False
True or false:
The Romanow Report (2002) identified home care as the most rapidly growing area of community
health care. - ANSWER: True
What information would you need to explore when beginning work in a new community in order to
identify the possibility of health inequities? - ANSWER: Health inequities can be understood by
exploring the relationship of employment, housing, income, food security, education and other
determinants and social determinants to health status and outcomes
In January, Kristin notices a spike in the numbers of clients attending the community health centre
with complaints of colds and respiratory irritation or seeking allergy and asthma treatment. Assessing
these individuals, she notices a commonality. Many workers in the community, attempting to save
money, reside in overcrowded rented cabins during the winter while off work and away from seasonal
work camps that provide housing at mining, forestry or fishing work sites during spring, summer and
fall.
Reflecting on possible levels of intervention—upstream, midstream, and downstream—how could
Kristin address this issue? - ANSWER: Upstream, Kristin could consider collaborating with the regional
housing societies and agencies to communicate the costs to these individuals and the community due
to a lack of affordable housing.
Midstream, Kristin could consider education and support for cold and respiratory prevention (such as
handwashing and other strategies) for the seasonal workers in the community.
Downstream Kristin could address this issue with treatments for cold and respiratory irritation.
Public health nursing emphasizes prevention of disease. What are the challenges associated with such
a goal? (Select all that apply.)
A. Increased costs and decreased funding.
B. Independence of problem solving and decision making.
C. It is easier to measure the effects of prevention.
D. It is more difficult to measure the effects of prevention than the effects of treatment.
E. Emerging communicable diseases continue to be a health threat. - ANSWER: A, D, E
Many of the varied and challenging public health nursing roles that originated in the late 1800s
continue to be issues today. Which factors continue to challenge public health nurses? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Control of sanitation
Perspective, 4th, 5th Edition Stamler
What is the difference between upstream and downstream thinking? - ANSWER: Upstream thinking:
What are the relevant factors that influence the clients health (bigger picture)
Downstream thinking: Focused on the issue at hand
What is the difference between primary health care and primary care? - ANSWER: Primary care: First
contact between individuals and the health care system
Primary health care: Comprehensive and includes disease prevention
What are the 12 determinants of health? - ANSWER: - Income and social status
- Social support network
- Education and literacy
- Employment and working conditions
- Physical environment
- Biology and genetic endowment
- Personal health practices and coping skills
- Healthy child development
- Gender
- Culture
- Social environment
- Health services
What are the major differences between population-focused care and traditional direct-care? -
ANSWER: Population - focused: Problems are defined and solutions are implemented for or with a
defined community
Traditional Health Care: The individual is the focus
What are the key features of a public health nurse? - ANSWER: - Population-focused
- Community as context
- Health and prevention-focused
- Interventions at the community or population level
True or False:
In the community practice, the dominant needs of the population outweigh the expressed needs of
one person or a few people. - ANSWER: True
What are two strategies used by community health nurses as they partner with clients to build
capacity? - ANSWER: Empowerment and advocacy
Why is primary health care relevant to community health nursing? - ANSWER: - Provides essential
health care services
- Focuses on health promotion, disease prevention, and health protection
- Includes therapeutic, curative, and rehabilitative care
- Promotes coordination and interdisciplinary collaboration
- Focuses on the client as an equal partner in health with health professionals
What is the relevance of the social determinants of health to community health nursing practice? -
ANSWER: Community health nurses must recognize that the social determinants of health can predict
, the health of populations and that healthy public policy includes consideration of the social
determinants of health.
True or false:
The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) was a partner in public health development in Canada. -
ANSWER: True
What are two types of community health nursing that existed in Canada in the early twentieth
century? - ANSWER: Visiting nursing and outpost nursing
What are factors that have contributed to a stronger focus on community health care? - ANSWER:
Outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), avian flu, listeriosis, and H1N1; creation of
the Public Health Agency of Canada in 2004; visibility of the Community Health Nurses Association;
increased demands for home care for an aging population and increased chronic illness; emphasis on
population health and the social determinants of health
True or false:
In Canada, the terms community health nursing and public health nursing are interchangeable. -
ANSWER: False
True or false:
The Romanow Report (2002) identified home care as the most rapidly growing area of community
health care. - ANSWER: True
What information would you need to explore when beginning work in a new community in order to
identify the possibility of health inequities? - ANSWER: Health inequities can be understood by
exploring the relationship of employment, housing, income, food security, education and other
determinants and social determinants to health status and outcomes
In January, Kristin notices a spike in the numbers of clients attending the community health centre
with complaints of colds and respiratory irritation or seeking allergy and asthma treatment. Assessing
these individuals, she notices a commonality. Many workers in the community, attempting to save
money, reside in overcrowded rented cabins during the winter while off work and away from seasonal
work camps that provide housing at mining, forestry or fishing work sites during spring, summer and
fall.
Reflecting on possible levels of intervention—upstream, midstream, and downstream—how could
Kristin address this issue? - ANSWER: Upstream, Kristin could consider collaborating with the regional
housing societies and agencies to communicate the costs to these individuals and the community due
to a lack of affordable housing.
Midstream, Kristin could consider education and support for cold and respiratory prevention (such as
handwashing and other strategies) for the seasonal workers in the community.
Downstream Kristin could address this issue with treatments for cold and respiratory irritation.
Public health nursing emphasizes prevention of disease. What are the challenges associated with such
a goal? (Select all that apply.)
A. Increased costs and decreased funding.
B. Independence of problem solving and decision making.
C. It is easier to measure the effects of prevention.
D. It is more difficult to measure the effects of prevention than the effects of treatment.
E. Emerging communicable diseases continue to be a health threat. - ANSWER: A, D, E
Many of the varied and challenging public health nursing roles that originated in the late 1800s
continue to be issues today. Which factors continue to challenge public health nurses? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Control of sanitation
