Test Bank for Concepts for Nursing Practice, 4th Edition
(Giddens, 2024), Chapter 1-57 | All Chapters | 9780323809825
Clotting - ANSWER: defined as a physiological process in which blood is converted from a liquid to a
semisolid gel
Hemostasis - ANSWER: As related to clotting: the stoppage of blood flow or bleeding
2 ways clotting process can become impaired - ANSWER: 1. when clotting factors not available,
patients experience excessive bleeding
2. if clots form when not physiologically indicated, a thrombus (blood clot) may obstruct blood vessels
and interfere with blood flow
First response in clotting process - ANSWER: 1. vasoconstriction
2. accumulating blood surrounding the blood vessel creates pressure against the walls of the affected
vessel
Second response in clotting process - ANSWER: 1.formation of platelet plug triggered by damaged
blood vessel.
2. Platelets are activated and stick to the injured blood vessel because of a protein (called von
Willebrand's factor) produced by the cells of the vessel wall. The platelet plug develops in 3-7
minutes.
Third response in clotting process - ANSWER: clotting factors activated from either an intrinsic
pathway or an extrinsic pathway -->coagulation cascade to a common final pathway
what does the difference in intrinsic and extrinsic pathways have to do with ? - ANSWER: initiation of
clotting factors
Intrinsic Pathway - ANSWER: (within blood vessel)
activated by collagen exposure when there is damage to the surface of the blood vessel
Extrinsic Pathway - ANSWER: (external to the blood vessel)
initiated when damaged tissues release tissue factor or tissue thromboplastic
Both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways converge to follow a common pathway where - ANSWER:
thrombin stimulates fibrinogen to form insoluble fibrin that stabilizes the clot
Goal of clotting - ANSWER: maintenance of homeostasis
Thrombus can occur where - ANSWER: in arteries or veins
Arterial Thrombosis - ANSWER: associated with conditions that increase platelets or erythrocyte
production or create turbulent blood flow with platelet adhesion
Atherosclerosis - ANSWER: another source of arterial thrombi (injury to endothelium such as
hypertension from increased pressure of blood in the arteries creating a shearing force
source of arterial thrombi - ANSWER: endothelial injury such as -exogenous: chemical agents -toxins
from cigarettes ; endogenous: cholesterol
arterial thrombi does this when it blocks an artery - ANSWER: interrupts the flow of oxygenated blood
to the tissue -->ischemia
results of arterial thrombi - ANSWER: 1. untreated: cell death
(Giddens, 2024), Chapter 1-57 | All Chapters | 9780323809825
Clotting - ANSWER: defined as a physiological process in which blood is converted from a liquid to a
semisolid gel
Hemostasis - ANSWER: As related to clotting: the stoppage of blood flow or bleeding
2 ways clotting process can become impaired - ANSWER: 1. when clotting factors not available,
patients experience excessive bleeding
2. if clots form when not physiologically indicated, a thrombus (blood clot) may obstruct blood vessels
and interfere with blood flow
First response in clotting process - ANSWER: 1. vasoconstriction
2. accumulating blood surrounding the blood vessel creates pressure against the walls of the affected
vessel
Second response in clotting process - ANSWER: 1.formation of platelet plug triggered by damaged
blood vessel.
2. Platelets are activated and stick to the injured blood vessel because of a protein (called von
Willebrand's factor) produced by the cells of the vessel wall. The platelet plug develops in 3-7
minutes.
Third response in clotting process - ANSWER: clotting factors activated from either an intrinsic
pathway or an extrinsic pathway -->coagulation cascade to a common final pathway
what does the difference in intrinsic and extrinsic pathways have to do with ? - ANSWER: initiation of
clotting factors
Intrinsic Pathway - ANSWER: (within blood vessel)
activated by collagen exposure when there is damage to the surface of the blood vessel
Extrinsic Pathway - ANSWER: (external to the blood vessel)
initiated when damaged tissues release tissue factor or tissue thromboplastic
Both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways converge to follow a common pathway where - ANSWER:
thrombin stimulates fibrinogen to form insoluble fibrin that stabilizes the clot
Goal of clotting - ANSWER: maintenance of homeostasis
Thrombus can occur where - ANSWER: in arteries or veins
Arterial Thrombosis - ANSWER: associated with conditions that increase platelets or erythrocyte
production or create turbulent blood flow with platelet adhesion
Atherosclerosis - ANSWER: another source of arterial thrombi (injury to endothelium such as
hypertension from increased pressure of blood in the arteries creating a shearing force
source of arterial thrombi - ANSWER: endothelial injury such as -exogenous: chemical agents -toxins
from cigarettes ; endogenous: cholesterol
arterial thrombi does this when it blocks an artery - ANSWER: interrupts the flow of oxygenated blood
to the tissue -->ischemia
results of arterial thrombi - ANSWER: 1. untreated: cell death
