ANTH 172-- INTRO. TO ARCHAEOLOGY// MIDTERM 2 | Questions
and Answers 2024
absolute dating *** known number of time units
- chronometric
- calendrical
-- relies primarily on biological products (annually or daily)
radioactive decay *** constant process
- radiometric dating
radiometric *** - uses constant clock of radioactive decay
- unaffected by temperature, water, etc.
K-Ar = 1/2 life of 1.3 billion years
-- works on once-liquid rock, dates cooling 100,000 to billions of years
C-14 *** works on dead organisms, dates death 500 to potentially 50,000 years
(really about 38K upper limit)
conventional *** count the decays (14C)
AMS (accelerator mass spectrometer) *** count the actual 14C atoms
shroud of Turin (Torino) *** jesus
- radiocarbon date = CE 1260-1390
- middle ages
luminescence family *** TL
OSL
IRL
- can date things with crystalline structure that were once dated
TL (thermoluminescence) *** when artifact was last heated
, OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) *** when artifact was last in light
IRL (Infrared luminescence) *** when artifact was last in light
archaeomagnetic dating *** the study and interpretation of the signatures of the
Earth's magnetic field at past times recorded in archaeological materials.
FILM: ancient treasures from the deep *** - uluburun shipwreck
- compared things they saw to similar objects around today
- function was determined by: logic, comparisons, location found, leftover
residues, replication
- style dating and style to tell where ship traveled to and from
- scarabs / nefertiti
- site was found by sponge divers
absolute dates *** The use of methods developed to establish the number of
years elapsed since an object was made or used; method of dating that can provide
an age in calendar years.
dendochronology *** - tree rings
- one ring = one year
- at least 20 rings, outer ring remains
- event = death of tree
- good preservation
- goes back thousands of years
analogies *** motel of the mysteries
theoretical schools *** 1. antiquarianism - (not archaeology) get artifacts, want
to make a profit off of finds
2. culture history - put cultures into historical context
- Cynthia Irwin williams
3. culture process (processualism) - how did it get there?
- lewis binford
4. culture context (contextualism) - beliefs? identities? feelings? of past peoples
and Answers 2024
absolute dating *** known number of time units
- chronometric
- calendrical
-- relies primarily on biological products (annually or daily)
radioactive decay *** constant process
- radiometric dating
radiometric *** - uses constant clock of radioactive decay
- unaffected by temperature, water, etc.
K-Ar = 1/2 life of 1.3 billion years
-- works on once-liquid rock, dates cooling 100,000 to billions of years
C-14 *** works on dead organisms, dates death 500 to potentially 50,000 years
(really about 38K upper limit)
conventional *** count the decays (14C)
AMS (accelerator mass spectrometer) *** count the actual 14C atoms
shroud of Turin (Torino) *** jesus
- radiocarbon date = CE 1260-1390
- middle ages
luminescence family *** TL
OSL
IRL
- can date things with crystalline structure that were once dated
TL (thermoluminescence) *** when artifact was last heated
, OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) *** when artifact was last in light
IRL (Infrared luminescence) *** when artifact was last in light
archaeomagnetic dating *** the study and interpretation of the signatures of the
Earth's magnetic field at past times recorded in archaeological materials.
FILM: ancient treasures from the deep *** - uluburun shipwreck
- compared things they saw to similar objects around today
- function was determined by: logic, comparisons, location found, leftover
residues, replication
- style dating and style to tell where ship traveled to and from
- scarabs / nefertiti
- site was found by sponge divers
absolute dates *** The use of methods developed to establish the number of
years elapsed since an object was made or used; method of dating that can provide
an age in calendar years.
dendochronology *** - tree rings
- one ring = one year
- at least 20 rings, outer ring remains
- event = death of tree
- good preservation
- goes back thousands of years
analogies *** motel of the mysteries
theoretical schools *** 1. antiquarianism - (not archaeology) get artifacts, want
to make a profit off of finds
2. culture history - put cultures into historical context
- Cynthia Irwin williams
3. culture process (processualism) - how did it get there?
- lewis binford
4. culture context (contextualism) - beliefs? identities? feelings? of past peoples
