Microbiology A Systems Approach 5th 6th
Edition Cowan Test Bank
How do Prokaryotes differ from Eukaryotes - ANSWER:No, no true nucleus, no histones
Cell wall-sturdy made of Peptidoglycans
no organelles- few have internal membranes (REL,Gogli, RER?)
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- External - ANSWER:Appendages-
flagella-motiliy
pili-hollow appendage transfers DNA to other cells
fimbriae-hairlike bristles adhesion
Glyccalyx- protective, adhesive,receptor functions (slime layer)
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- Cell Envelope - ANSWER:1) Outer Membrane-
lipopolyssachide
2) Cell Wall-structural support
3) Cell Membrane-flow of nutrients
2 main components of cell envelope in most bacteria - ANSWER:cell membrane, cell wall
to maintain integrity of the cell
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- internal - ANSWER:Cytoplasm-water solution
Ribosomes-sites of protein synthesis
Inclusions-stores nutrients
,Nucleoid/chromosome-condensed DNA
Actin cytoskeleton-shape of cell
Endospore-dormant body survival in adverse conditions
bacterial diseases - ANSWER:these include "strep" throat, lyme disease, and ear infections
prokaryotes - ANSWER:the very first cells to appear on earth, sulfur compounds in geothermal ocean
vents
fimbriae - ANSWER:fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help in adhesion to other
cells and surfaces
cell wall - ANSWER:a semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the cell-made of
peptidoglycan
inclusion/granule - ANSWER:stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense
crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed
cell membrane - ANSWER:(cytoplasm) a thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and
selectively controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell pool
outer membrane - ANSWER:extra membrane similar to cell membrane but also containing
lipopolysaccharide. controls flow of materials, and portions of it are toxic to mammals when released,
causes fever and shock in host
endospore - ANSWER:dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in
adverse conditions
cytoplasm - ANSWER:water-based solution filling the entire cell
, flagellum - ANSWER:specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long,
rotating filament. the movement pushes the cell forward and provides motility
actin cytoskeleton - ANSWER:long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside the cell membrane
and contribute to the shape of the cell
ribosomes - ANSWER:tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of protein synthesis
plasmid - ANSWER:double-stranded DNA circle containing non essential genes, antibiotic resistance
pilus - ANSWER:an elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other cells
bacterial chromosome - ANSWER:(nucleoid) composed of condensed DNA molecules. DNA directs all
genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins
glycocalyx - ANSWER:(pink coating) a coating of molecules external to the cell wall. it serves protective,
adhesiv, and receptor functions. it may fit tightly or be very loose and diffuse
bacterial cells - ANSWER:all of these invariably have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and one (or
few) chromosomes, the majority have a cell wal, cytoskeleton, and some form of surface coating or
glycocalyx
prokaryotes - ANSWER:specific structures that are found in some but not all of these are flagella, pili,
fimbriae, inclusions, endospores, and intracellular membranes
appendages - ANSWER:several discrete types of accessory structures that sprout from the surface of
bacteria, are common but are not present on all species
Edition Cowan Test Bank
How do Prokaryotes differ from Eukaryotes - ANSWER:No, no true nucleus, no histones
Cell wall-sturdy made of Peptidoglycans
no organelles- few have internal membranes (REL,Gogli, RER?)
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- External - ANSWER:Appendages-
flagella-motiliy
pili-hollow appendage transfers DNA to other cells
fimbriae-hairlike bristles adhesion
Glyccalyx- protective, adhesive,receptor functions (slime layer)
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- Cell Envelope - ANSWER:1) Outer Membrane-
lipopolyssachide
2) Cell Wall-structural support
3) Cell Membrane-flow of nutrients
2 main components of cell envelope in most bacteria - ANSWER:cell membrane, cell wall
to maintain integrity of the cell
general Cellular Organization of Prokaryotic Cell- internal - ANSWER:Cytoplasm-water solution
Ribosomes-sites of protein synthesis
Inclusions-stores nutrients
,Nucleoid/chromosome-condensed DNA
Actin cytoskeleton-shape of cell
Endospore-dormant body survival in adverse conditions
bacterial diseases - ANSWER:these include "strep" throat, lyme disease, and ear infections
prokaryotes - ANSWER:the very first cells to appear on earth, sulfur compounds in geothermal ocean
vents
fimbriae - ANSWER:fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help in adhesion to other
cells and surfaces
cell wall - ANSWER:a semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the cell-made of
peptidoglycan
inclusion/granule - ANSWER:stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense
crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed
cell membrane - ANSWER:(cytoplasm) a thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and
selectively controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell pool
outer membrane - ANSWER:extra membrane similar to cell membrane but also containing
lipopolysaccharide. controls flow of materials, and portions of it are toxic to mammals when released,
causes fever and shock in host
endospore - ANSWER:dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in
adverse conditions
cytoplasm - ANSWER:water-based solution filling the entire cell
, flagellum - ANSWER:specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long,
rotating filament. the movement pushes the cell forward and provides motility
actin cytoskeleton - ANSWER:long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside the cell membrane
and contribute to the shape of the cell
ribosomes - ANSWER:tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of protein synthesis
plasmid - ANSWER:double-stranded DNA circle containing non essential genes, antibiotic resistance
pilus - ANSWER:an elongate, hollow appendage used in transfers of DNA to other cells
bacterial chromosome - ANSWER:(nucleoid) composed of condensed DNA molecules. DNA directs all
genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins
glycocalyx - ANSWER:(pink coating) a coating of molecules external to the cell wall. it serves protective,
adhesiv, and receptor functions. it may fit tightly or be very loose and diffuse
bacterial cells - ANSWER:all of these invariably have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and one (or
few) chromosomes, the majority have a cell wal, cytoskeleton, and some form of surface coating or
glycocalyx
prokaryotes - ANSWER:specific structures that are found in some but not all of these are flagella, pili,
fimbriae, inclusions, endospores, and intracellular membranes
appendages - ANSWER:several discrete types of accessory structures that sprout from the surface of
bacteria, are common but are not present on all species
