Cardiovascular Diseases- Practice Questions with Answers
Harrison’s Internal Medicine 21st Edition- Part 6
General Cardiovascular Diseases
1. Which of the following is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
○ A) Low HDL cholesterol
○ B) Regular physical activity
○ C) High blood pressure
○ D) Adequate sleep
es
Answer: C) High blood pressure
2. Which biomarker is commonly elevated in acute myocardial infarction?
○ A) Troponin
○ B) C-reactive protein
○ C) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
ot ○ D) D-dimer
Answer: A) Troponin
3. What is the primary mechanism by which statins lower LDL cholesterol levels?
○ A) Increasing bile acid synthesis
○ B) Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
_n
○ C) Enhancing cholesterol absorption
○ D) Decreasing VLDL production
Answer: B) Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
4. Which of the following conditions is a common cause of secondary hypertension?
○ A) Hyperlipidemia
○ B) Obstructive sleep apnea
○ C) Osteoporosis
xt
○ D) Hypothyroidism
Answer: B) Obstructive sleep apnea
5. Which imaging modality is most useful for assessing left ventricular ejection
fraction?
○ A) Computed tomography (CT)
○ B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
○ C) Echocardiography
○ D) Chest X-ray
, Answer: C) Echocardiography
6. What is the first-line treatment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
○ A) Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
○ B) Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
○ C) Thrombolysis and antiplatelet therapy
○ D) Lifestyle modification
Answer: C) Thrombolysis and antiplatelet therapy
7. Which drug class is primarily used to reduce mortality in patients with heart
failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
es
○ A) Diuretics
○ B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
○ C) Beta-blockers
○ D) Calcium channel blockers
Answer: B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
ot 8. What is the most common cause of right-sided heart failure?
○ A) Aortic stenosis
○ B) Mitral regurgitation
○ C) Left-sided heart failure
○ D) Hypertension
Answer: C) Left-sided heart failure
_n
9. In which condition is a "boot-shaped" heart silhouette commonly seen on X-ray?
○ A) Aortic regurgitation
○ B) Tetralogy of Fallot
○ C) Mitral stenosis
○ D) Pulmonary hypertension
Answer: B) Tetralogy of Fallot
xt
10. Which medication class is used to manage ventricular tachycardia?
○ A) Anticoagulants
○ B) Antiarrhythmics
○ C) Statins
○ D) Diuretics
Answer: B) Antiarrhythmics
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
11. Which symptom is typically associated with stable angina?
Harrison’s Internal Medicine 21st Edition- Part 6
General Cardiovascular Diseases
1. Which of the following is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
○ A) Low HDL cholesterol
○ B) Regular physical activity
○ C) High blood pressure
○ D) Adequate sleep
es
Answer: C) High blood pressure
2. Which biomarker is commonly elevated in acute myocardial infarction?
○ A) Troponin
○ B) C-reactive protein
○ C) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
ot ○ D) D-dimer
Answer: A) Troponin
3. What is the primary mechanism by which statins lower LDL cholesterol levels?
○ A) Increasing bile acid synthesis
○ B) Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
_n
○ C) Enhancing cholesterol absorption
○ D) Decreasing VLDL production
Answer: B) Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
4. Which of the following conditions is a common cause of secondary hypertension?
○ A) Hyperlipidemia
○ B) Obstructive sleep apnea
○ C) Osteoporosis
xt
○ D) Hypothyroidism
Answer: B) Obstructive sleep apnea
5. Which imaging modality is most useful for assessing left ventricular ejection
fraction?
○ A) Computed tomography (CT)
○ B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
○ C) Echocardiography
○ D) Chest X-ray
, Answer: C) Echocardiography
6. What is the first-line treatment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
○ A) Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
○ B) Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
○ C) Thrombolysis and antiplatelet therapy
○ D) Lifestyle modification
Answer: C) Thrombolysis and antiplatelet therapy
7. Which drug class is primarily used to reduce mortality in patients with heart
failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
es
○ A) Diuretics
○ B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
○ C) Beta-blockers
○ D) Calcium channel blockers
Answer: B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
ot 8. What is the most common cause of right-sided heart failure?
○ A) Aortic stenosis
○ B) Mitral regurgitation
○ C) Left-sided heart failure
○ D) Hypertension
Answer: C) Left-sided heart failure
_n
9. In which condition is a "boot-shaped" heart silhouette commonly seen on X-ray?
○ A) Aortic regurgitation
○ B) Tetralogy of Fallot
○ C) Mitral stenosis
○ D) Pulmonary hypertension
Answer: B) Tetralogy of Fallot
xt
10. Which medication class is used to manage ventricular tachycardia?
○ A) Anticoagulants
○ B) Antiarrhythmics
○ C) Statins
○ D) Diuretics
Answer: B) Antiarrhythmics
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
11. Which symptom is typically associated with stable angina?
