Test Bank for Pediatric Physical Examination: An Illustrated
Handbook, 3rd Edition by Duderstadt, 9780323476508,
Covering Chapters 1-20 | Includes Rationales
Three layers of skin - ANSWER: epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
Epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. What are the two layers? - ANSWER: Stratum Corneum -
top layer
Cellular stratum - innermost layer
stratum Corneum - ANSWER: outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened,
keratinized cells (waterproofing cells), thinner in some areas and thicker in others for protection
function of skin - ANSWER: protection, prevents penetration, perception, temperature regulation,
identification, communication, wound repair, absorption and excretion, production of vitamin D
How does the stratum Corneum affect new born infants? - ANSWER: Extremely premature infants are
born without this top layer of skin and have no protective barrier and are not able to control water
loss. Can only tolerate the least amount of touching. Full term infants have 60% thickness.
How does the epidermis change throughout childhood and what are the implications - ANSWER: NB -
greater absorption due to surface/body wt radio
Child - stratum is thicker
Adolescent - adult like pattern
Implications - infant allows for easy absorption of medications on skin, thin layer of topical
medications
Demis: How does it change throughout childhood and what are the implications? - ANSWER: NB -
fewer immature elastin fibers, thinner than adult
Child - maturing
Adolescent - mature
Implications - decreased elasticity and inc tendency to blister
Melanosomes: How does it change throughout childhood and what are the implications? - ANSWER:
NB - melonin production is low, final skin tone is seen in genalia with labia and scrotum having darker
pigmentation
6 Months - adult like
Implications: sunscreen complete due to burning
Eccrine Sweat Glands: How does it change throughout childhood and what are the implications? -
ANSWER: NB - equivalent to adult, dense distribution due to body surface area
Child - less dense but under 2-3 years less neurological control
Implications: reduced sweating capability, especially first 13-24 days of life, dec response to thermal
stress
Apocrine Sweat Glands: How does it change throughout childhood and what are the implications? -
ANSWER: Def: produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins; found in the axillary (armpit)
and anogenital areas of the body. Unimportant in thermoregulation.
NB: small nonfunctional
Child: starts to appear but nonfunctional
Adolescent: response to mechanical, pharmacological stimuli, start secreting in adolescents .
Handbook, 3rd Edition by Duderstadt, 9780323476508,
Covering Chapters 1-20 | Includes Rationales
Three layers of skin - ANSWER: epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
Epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. What are the two layers? - ANSWER: Stratum Corneum -
top layer
Cellular stratum - innermost layer
stratum Corneum - ANSWER: outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened,
keratinized cells (waterproofing cells), thinner in some areas and thicker in others for protection
function of skin - ANSWER: protection, prevents penetration, perception, temperature regulation,
identification, communication, wound repair, absorption and excretion, production of vitamin D
How does the stratum Corneum affect new born infants? - ANSWER: Extremely premature infants are
born without this top layer of skin and have no protective barrier and are not able to control water
loss. Can only tolerate the least amount of touching. Full term infants have 60% thickness.
How does the epidermis change throughout childhood and what are the implications - ANSWER: NB -
greater absorption due to surface/body wt radio
Child - stratum is thicker
Adolescent - adult like pattern
Implications - infant allows for easy absorption of medications on skin, thin layer of topical
medications
Demis: How does it change throughout childhood and what are the implications? - ANSWER: NB -
fewer immature elastin fibers, thinner than adult
Child - maturing
Adolescent - mature
Implications - decreased elasticity and inc tendency to blister
Melanosomes: How does it change throughout childhood and what are the implications? - ANSWER:
NB - melonin production is low, final skin tone is seen in genalia with labia and scrotum having darker
pigmentation
6 Months - adult like
Implications: sunscreen complete due to burning
Eccrine Sweat Glands: How does it change throughout childhood and what are the implications? -
ANSWER: NB - equivalent to adult, dense distribution due to body surface area
Child - less dense but under 2-3 years less neurological control
Implications: reduced sweating capability, especially first 13-24 days of life, dec response to thermal
stress
Apocrine Sweat Glands: How does it change throughout childhood and what are the implications? -
ANSWER: Def: produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins; found in the axillary (armpit)
and anogenital areas of the body. Unimportant in thermoregulation.
NB: small nonfunctional
Child: starts to appear but nonfunctional
Adolescent: response to mechanical, pharmacological stimuli, start secreting in adolescents .
