Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th Edition Hall

Test Bank Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology
14th Edition Hall | 9780323597128 | All Chapters with
Answers and Rationals

Neurotransmitters are released by _______________ into _____________ and act _______________
to control nerve cell functions. - ANSWER: axon terminals of neurons; synaptic junctions; locally

Endocrine hormones are released by ____________ into _____________ and influence the function
of target cells ______________________ - ANSWER: glands or specialized cells; circulating blood;
elsewhere in the body

Neuroendocrine hormones are secreted by _____________ into _______________ and influence the
function of target cells ______________________ - ANSWER: neurons; circulating blood; elsewhere in
the body

Paracrines are secreted by ___________ into __________ and affect the function of
___________________ - ANSWER: cells; extracellular fluid; neigboring target cells of a different type

Autocrines are secreted by __________ into ___________ and affect the function of
________________________ - ANSWER: cells; extracellular fluid; cells that produced them (same)

Cytokines are _________ secreted by _____________ into _________ and can function as
________________________ - ANSWER: peptides; cells; extracellular fluid; autocrines, paracrines, or
endocrine hormones

Examples of cytokines are _____________ and ___________________ that are secreted by
___________ and act on other cells of the _____________ system - ANSWER: interleukins;
lymphokines; helper cells; immune system

The neuroendocrine cells located in the hypothalamus have axons that terminate in the __________
and _______ and secrete several neurohormones included _____________________________ which
control the secretion of horones from the _____________________ - ANSWER: posterior pituitary
gland; median eminence; antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, and hypophysiotrophic hormones; anterior
pituitary

thyroxine - ANSWER: increases the rate of many chemical reaction in almost all the body's cells

Hormones released from the hypothalamus (6) - ANSWER: 1. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
2. Corticotropin-releasing hormone
3. Growth hormone-releasing hormone
4. Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (somatostatin)
5. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
6. Dopamine or prolactin-inhibiting factor

Function of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - ANSWER: Stimulates secretion of thyroid-
stimulating hormone and prolactin

TRH is a - ANSWER: peptide

Function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - ANSWER: Causes the release of
adrenocorticotropic hormone

CRH is a - ANSWER: peptide

, Function of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) - ANSWER: Causes release of growth
hormone

GHRH is a - ANSWER: peptide

Function of somatostatin - ANSWER: inhibits release of growth hormone

Somatostatin is a - ANSWER: peptide

Function of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone - ANSWER: Causes release of lutenizing hormone and
follicle-stimulating hormone

Function of dopamine/prolactin-inhibiting factor - ANSWER: Inhibits release of prolactin

dopamine (prolactin-inhibiting hormone) is a - ANSWER: amine

Hormones released from the anterior pituitary (6) - ANSWER: 1. Growth hormone
2. Thyroid stimuating hormone
3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
4. Prolactin
5. Follicle-stimulating hormone
6. Lutenizing hormone

Function of growth hormone - ANSWER: Stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth of most cells
and tissues

GH is a - ANSWER: peptide

Function of TSH - ANSWER: Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and
triiodothyronine)

TSH is a - ANSWER: peptide

Function of ACTH - ANSWER: Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenocortical hormones (cortisol,
androgens, and aldosterone)

ACTH is a - ANSWER: peptide

Function of prolactin (PRL) - ANSWER: Promotes development of the female breasts and secretion of
milk

PRL is a - ANSWER: peptide

Function of FSH - ANSWER: Causes growth of follicles in the ovaries and sperm maturation in Sertoli
cells of testes

FSH is a - ANSWER: peptide

Function of LH - ANSWER: Stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of the testes; stimulates
ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum, and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries

LH is a - ANSWER: peptide

Hormones released from the posterior pituitary (2) - ANSWER: 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
vasopressin
2. Oxytocin