BIOLOGY 190L FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

BIOL 190 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Howaareakineticaenergy,apotentialaenergy,aandachemicalaenergyadifferentafromaeachaother
?a-aans--Kinetic:aenergyaofamotiona
Potential:aenergyathataanaobjectapossessesaasaaaresultaofaitsalocationaChemical:aaatypeaofa
potentialaenergy

kineticaenergya-aans--Kinetic:aenergyaofamotion

PotentialaEnergya-aans--energyathataanaobjectapossessesaasaaaresultaofaitsalocation

Chemicalaenergya-aans--aatypeaofapotentialaenergy

HowaisaATPaformed?a-aans--cellulararespiration,abreakdownaofamolecules

Whataareathea1staanda2ndaLawsaofathermodynamicsaandahowaareatheyarelatedatoametabol
ism/digestion?a-aans--
1stLaw:aEnergyaisaneitheracreatedanoradestroyed.a2ndLaw:aEveryaenergyatransferawillaincr
easeatheaentropyaofatheauniverse

Howadoaenzymesaworkaasacatalystsaforachemicalareactions?a-aans--
Aacatalystaisaaachemicalathataincreasesathearateaofaaachemicalareactionawithoutaitselfabein
gachangedabyatheareaction,aenzymesacatalyzeabiochemicalareactions

Howadoacompetitiveainhibitorsawork?a-aans--
Bindatheainhibitoratoatheaactiveasiteaonatheaenzyme,apreventingatheabindingaofatheasubstrat
eaandaviseaversa,amostaCIafunctionabyabindingareversibleatoaactiveasiteaofaenzyme

Howadoanoncompetitiveainhibitorsawork?a-aans--
Reactaeitheraremoteafromaofaveryacloseatoatheaactiveasite.aTheaeffectaisatoachangeatheasha
peaofatheaenzymeaandaactiveasiteatoatheasubstrateacananoalongerainteractawithatheaenzyme
atoagiveaaareaction



Howaareacarbohydrates,aproteins,aandalipidsacatabolized?aIfainaexcess,awhataisaproduceda
andawhereaisaitastored?a*Workatoatryaandamakeaconnectionsabetweenathisaandatheadigesti
veasystem.a-aans--Carb:abreakdownatoayieldaATP
Protein:abreakdownatoaaminoaacidsaandasimpleaderivativeacompoundsaforatransportaintoac
ellathroughaplasmaamembraneaandapolymerizationaintoanewaproteinsaviaaRNAaandariboso
mes
Lipids:

, ATPa-aans--
(adenosineatriphosphate)amainaenergyasourceathatacellsauseaforamostaofatheirawork

Hydrolysisa-aans--Breakingadownacomplexamoleculesabyatheachemicalaadditionaofawater

Exergonica-aans--releasesamoreaenergyathanaabsorbeda(catabolismaofafood)

Endergonica-aans--absorbamoreaenergyathanarelease

Enzymea-aans--proteinsathataactaasabiologicalacatalystsaforareactors

Cofactora-aans--inorganic,asuchaasazinc,aironaoracopper

Coenzymea-aans--organicamoleculesaandaareaoftenavitamins

Catabolisma-aans--Metabolicapathwaysathatabreakadownamolecules,areleasingaenergy.

Anabolisma-aans--Metabolicapathwaysathataconstructamolecules,arequiringaenergy.

Whataareatheafunctionsaofatheadigestiveasystem?a-aans--
AlimentaryaCanala(GIaTract)aFunction:anourishatheabodya(releaseaandaabsorbanutrients).a
AccessoryaOrgansaFunction:aaidainabreakingadownafood.

Whataorgansamakeaupatheaalimentaryacanal?a-aans--
Includesatheamouth,apharynx,aesophagus,astomach,asmallaintestine,alargeaintestine.

Whichaareaconsideredaaccessoryaorgans?a-aans--
Includeatheateeth,atongue,asalivaryaglands,agallbladder,aliveraandapancreas

WhataareatheafouratissuealayersaofatheaGIatractaandawhataareaeachaofatheirafunctions?a-
aans--Mucosa,asubmucosa,amuscularicapropriaaandaserosa



WhatacellalayersamakeaupatheamucosaaofatheaGIatract?a-aans--
Circularafolds,alaminaapropria

Whataareatheaimportantaprocesses/rolesaofatheadigestiveasystem?a-aans--
Mechanicalaandachemicaladigestion,aabsorptionaofanutrients

Mechanicaladigestiona-aans--
Startsaatamouth,aprocessingabyateethathenamovesatoastomach

chemicaladigestiona-aans--
Startsawithareleaseaofaenzymesainasaliva,athenatoastomachaandaintestines

Absorptiona-aans--Ofanutrientsathroughawallainasmallaintestine