Test Bank: Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to
Clinical Medicine 8th Edition by Stephen J. McPhee - Ch. 1-25,
9781260026504, with Rationales
An increase in cardiac size and function workload is termed: - ANSWER: Atrophy
While assessing a patient diagnosed with Marfan's Syndrome the nurse should include which of the
following is consistent with the syndrome:
A. cardiac assessment for coarctation of the aorta
B. genital assessment for small testicles
C. metal assessment for impairment
D. oral assessment for cleft palate - ANSWER: A. cardiac assessment for coarctation of the aorta
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely to be a
component of:
A. fat
B. Sugar
C. Protein
D. carbohydrates - ANSWER: C. Protein
A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis.
this is an example of
A. primary prevention
B. secondary prevention
C.tertiary prevention
D.disease treatment - ANSWER: A. primary prevention
Metaplasia is - ANSWER: the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
During a routine ultrasound of a 38 year old women 26 weeks gestation reveals a fetus with a small
square head, upward slant of the eyes, and low set ears. The nurse recognizes that these findings are
consistent with which of the following?
A. Fragile X Syndrome
B. Monosomy X (Turner's Syndrome)
C. Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome)
D. Trisomy X (Klinefelter's Syndrome) - ANSWER: C. Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome)
While discussing treatment options with a parent of a newly diagnosed Monosomy X (Turner's
Syndrome) child, the nurse should include which of the following?
A. there is no treatment of cure
B. symptoms of the condition are treated with estrogen
C. symptoms of the condition are treated with testosterone
D. institutionalization is the preferred methods of managing care - ANSWER: B. symptoms of the
condition are treated with estrogen
Which of the following assessment findings indicates an altercation in homeostatic control
mechanisms?
A. Fever
B. Throat Pain
C. Joint Stiffness
D. Positive throat culture - ANSWER: A. Fever
What information should parents be given about the consequences of phenylketonuria (PKU)?
,A. mental retardation is inevitable
B. PKU is commonly associated with other congenital anomalies
C. High dietary tyramine may help induce enzyme production
D. failure to treat properly results in progressive mental retardation. - ANSWER: D. failure to treat
properly results in progressive mental retardation.
An injury that occurs when blood flow is diminished to tissue is called ____ Injury.
A. Hypoxia
B. Ischemic
C. Hyperemic
D. Neoplastic - ANSWER: B. Ischemic
Tay Sachs is caused by which of the following?
A. A deficiency or absence of hexosaminidase A
B. A defect on chromosomes 17 or 22
C. A mutation on chromosomes 15
D. An error in converting phenylalanine to tyrosine - ANSWER: A. A deficiency or absence of
hexosaminidase A
An Obese, but otherwise healthy teen goes to a health fair and has her blood pressure checked. This is
an example of
A. Primary prevention
B. secondary prevention
C. tertiary prevention
D. disease treatment - ANSWER: B. secondary prevention
Characteristics of X-linked recessive disorders include which of the following?
A. The son of a carrier mother has 25% chance of being affected
B. Affected fathers transmit the gene to all of their sons
C. All daughters of affected fathers are carriers
D. Boys and girls are equally affected - ANSWER: C. All daughters of affected fathers are carriers
A factor associated with risk of down syndrome:
A. Maternal Age
B. maternal alcohol intake
C. family history of heritable diseases
D. Exposure to TORCH syndrome organisms - ANSWER: A. Maternal Age
Which type of gangrene is usually a result of arterial occlusion
A. Necrosis
B. Dry
C. Wet
D. Gas - ANSWER: B. Dry
The cancer growth continuum is divided into the following stages
A. Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3
B. Initiation, Progression, Promotion
C. Preliminary, Evolutionary, Metastasis
D. Initiation, Promotion, Progression - ANSWER: D. Initiation, Promotion, Progression
A disease in which the principal manifestations is an abnormal growth of cells leading to formation of
tumors is called a _______ Disease
A. Congenital
B. Degenerative
C. Metabolic
D. Neoplastic - ANSWER: D. Neoplastic
, The activities of the cell are directed by which cell structure?
A. Cytoplasma
B. Organelles
C. Cell Membranes
D. Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER: D. Golgi Apparatus
Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage-shaped
structures called __________.
A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
B. ribosomes
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER: C. Mitochondria
Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and centrioles are all examples of
_____?
A. Cell membranes
B. Organelles
C. Enzymes
D. None of the above - ANSWER: B. Organelles
Choose the answer below that best completes the sentence: DNA is composed of _________ base
chemicals called ___________.
A. 4; adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
B. 3; nucleotide, deoxyribose, base
C. 2; chromosomes, proteins
D. None of the above - ANSWER: A. 4; adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
Which of the terms below does not describe a method by which cells adapt to changing conditions?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Increased enzyme synthesis
D. Necrosis - ANSWER: D. Necrosis
Dysplasia of epithelial cells sometimes results from which of the following?
A. Excessive sodium intake
B. Chronic irritation or inflammation
C. Increased enzyme synthesis
D. Apoptosis - ANSWER: B. Chronic irritation or inflammation
The function of lysosomes is to:
A. Break down particles or worn-out cellular components
B. Convert food materials into energy
C. Produce digestive enzymes and antibody protein
D. Ain in cell division - ANSWER: A. Break down particles or worn-out cellular components
A _______ gene is one that produces an effect only in the homozygous state.
A. Dominant
B. Recessive
C. Sex-linked
D. Hemizygous - ANSWER: B. Recessive
A _______ gene expresses itself in either the heterozygous or the homozygous state.
A. Dominant
B. Recessive
C. Sex-linked
D. Hemizygous - ANSWER: A. Dominant
Clinical Medicine 8th Edition by Stephen J. McPhee - Ch. 1-25,
9781260026504, with Rationales
An increase in cardiac size and function workload is termed: - ANSWER: Atrophy
While assessing a patient diagnosed with Marfan's Syndrome the nurse should include which of the
following is consistent with the syndrome:
A. cardiac assessment for coarctation of the aorta
B. genital assessment for small testicles
C. metal assessment for impairment
D. oral assessment for cleft palate - ANSWER: A. cardiac assessment for coarctation of the aorta
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely to be a
component of:
A. fat
B. Sugar
C. Protein
D. carbohydrates - ANSWER: C. Protein
A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis.
this is an example of
A. primary prevention
B. secondary prevention
C.tertiary prevention
D.disease treatment - ANSWER: A. primary prevention
Metaplasia is - ANSWER: the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
During a routine ultrasound of a 38 year old women 26 weeks gestation reveals a fetus with a small
square head, upward slant of the eyes, and low set ears. The nurse recognizes that these findings are
consistent with which of the following?
A. Fragile X Syndrome
B. Monosomy X (Turner's Syndrome)
C. Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome)
D. Trisomy X (Klinefelter's Syndrome) - ANSWER: C. Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome)
While discussing treatment options with a parent of a newly diagnosed Monosomy X (Turner's
Syndrome) child, the nurse should include which of the following?
A. there is no treatment of cure
B. symptoms of the condition are treated with estrogen
C. symptoms of the condition are treated with testosterone
D. institutionalization is the preferred methods of managing care - ANSWER: B. symptoms of the
condition are treated with estrogen
Which of the following assessment findings indicates an altercation in homeostatic control
mechanisms?
A. Fever
B. Throat Pain
C. Joint Stiffness
D. Positive throat culture - ANSWER: A. Fever
What information should parents be given about the consequences of phenylketonuria (PKU)?
,A. mental retardation is inevitable
B. PKU is commonly associated with other congenital anomalies
C. High dietary tyramine may help induce enzyme production
D. failure to treat properly results in progressive mental retardation. - ANSWER: D. failure to treat
properly results in progressive mental retardation.
An injury that occurs when blood flow is diminished to tissue is called ____ Injury.
A. Hypoxia
B. Ischemic
C. Hyperemic
D. Neoplastic - ANSWER: B. Ischemic
Tay Sachs is caused by which of the following?
A. A deficiency or absence of hexosaminidase A
B. A defect on chromosomes 17 or 22
C. A mutation on chromosomes 15
D. An error in converting phenylalanine to tyrosine - ANSWER: A. A deficiency or absence of
hexosaminidase A
An Obese, but otherwise healthy teen goes to a health fair and has her blood pressure checked. This is
an example of
A. Primary prevention
B. secondary prevention
C. tertiary prevention
D. disease treatment - ANSWER: B. secondary prevention
Characteristics of X-linked recessive disorders include which of the following?
A. The son of a carrier mother has 25% chance of being affected
B. Affected fathers transmit the gene to all of their sons
C. All daughters of affected fathers are carriers
D. Boys and girls are equally affected - ANSWER: C. All daughters of affected fathers are carriers
A factor associated with risk of down syndrome:
A. Maternal Age
B. maternal alcohol intake
C. family history of heritable diseases
D. Exposure to TORCH syndrome organisms - ANSWER: A. Maternal Age
Which type of gangrene is usually a result of arterial occlusion
A. Necrosis
B. Dry
C. Wet
D. Gas - ANSWER: B. Dry
The cancer growth continuum is divided into the following stages
A. Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3
B. Initiation, Progression, Promotion
C. Preliminary, Evolutionary, Metastasis
D. Initiation, Promotion, Progression - ANSWER: D. Initiation, Promotion, Progression
A disease in which the principal manifestations is an abnormal growth of cells leading to formation of
tumors is called a _______ Disease
A. Congenital
B. Degenerative
C. Metabolic
D. Neoplastic - ANSWER: D. Neoplastic
, The activities of the cell are directed by which cell structure?
A. Cytoplasma
B. Organelles
C. Cell Membranes
D. Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER: D. Golgi Apparatus
Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage-shaped
structures called __________.
A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
B. ribosomes
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER: C. Mitochondria
Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and centrioles are all examples of
_____?
A. Cell membranes
B. Organelles
C. Enzymes
D. None of the above - ANSWER: B. Organelles
Choose the answer below that best completes the sentence: DNA is composed of _________ base
chemicals called ___________.
A. 4; adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
B. 3; nucleotide, deoxyribose, base
C. 2; chromosomes, proteins
D. None of the above - ANSWER: A. 4; adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
Which of the terms below does not describe a method by which cells adapt to changing conditions?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Increased enzyme synthesis
D. Necrosis - ANSWER: D. Necrosis
Dysplasia of epithelial cells sometimes results from which of the following?
A. Excessive sodium intake
B. Chronic irritation or inflammation
C. Increased enzyme synthesis
D. Apoptosis - ANSWER: B. Chronic irritation or inflammation
The function of lysosomes is to:
A. Break down particles or worn-out cellular components
B. Convert food materials into energy
C. Produce digestive enzymes and antibody protein
D. Ain in cell division - ANSWER: A. Break down particles or worn-out cellular components
A _______ gene is one that produces an effect only in the homozygous state.
A. Dominant
B. Recessive
C. Sex-linked
D. Hemizygous - ANSWER: B. Recessive
A _______ gene expresses itself in either the heterozygous or the homozygous state.
A. Dominant
B. Recessive
C. Sex-linked
D. Hemizygous - ANSWER: A. Dominant
