STOTT Pilates - Anatomy and Terms Questions with
Complete Answers
Anteroposterior (Foot) - Correct Answer Dorsiflexors oppose plantar flexors
Lateral and rotary (Foot) - Correct Answer Tibias oppose perineal
HIP - Anteroposterior - Correct Answer Iliopsoas, Rectus femora’s, tensor fascia
late, and Sartorius oppose Gluteus Maximus and hamstrings
KNEE - anteroposterior - Correct Answer hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and popliteal
oppose quads
HIP - Lateral - Correct Answer Unilaterally, abductors oppose abductors.
Bilaterally, right abductors and left abductors oppose left abductors and right
adductors.
HIP - Rotary - Correct Answer Unilaterally, internal rotators oppose external
rotators. Bilaterally, right external rotate opposes the left internal rotators and left
external rotators oppose the right internal rotators.
TRUNK - Anteroposterior - Correct Answer Low back muscles oppose anterior
abdominal muscles
TRUNK - Lateral - Correct Answer Lateral trunk muscles oppose each other.
TRUNK - Rotary - Correct Answer Muscles that produce clockwise rotation oppose
those that produce counterclockwise rotation.
Pelvis - Correct Answer the muscles are pivoting in the femora so the opposing
groups of muscles act not only in straight anteroposterior opposition, but also
diagonally to tilt the pelvis forward and backward and laterally.
Exert an upward pull posteriorly - Correct Answer erector spine, quadrates
lumbered, and other posterior back muscles attached to the PSIS
Exert an upward pull anteriorly - Correct Answer anterior abdominals, especially
the rectus abdominals with its insertion on the syphilis pubis and the external oblique
with attachment on the anterior iliac crest
Downward pull posteriorly - Correct Answer gluteus Maximus and hamstrings, with
attachments on the posterior ileum, sacrum, and ischium
, Downward pull anteriorly - Correct Answer the hip flexors, including the rectus
femora’s, tensor fasciae late, and Sartorius with attachments on the anterior superior
and inferior spines of the ilium, and the iliopsoas with attachment on the lumbar
spine and inner surface of the ilium.
Lateral opposition - pulling down pelvis - Correct Answer leg abductors (gluteus
minimums and Medias) which arise from the lateral surface of the pelvis
Lateral opposition- pulling up pelvis - Correct Answer lateral trunk muscles
attached to the lateral Crest of the ilium
Lordships - Correct Answer anterior tilt
Flat back (pelvis position) - Correct Answer posterior tilt
Where the rectus abdominals attaches - Correct Answer pubic bone to the sternum
Attached to the anterior iliac spines (downward) - Correct Answer rectus femora’s,
Sartorius, tensor fasciae late
Good alignment - scapulae - Correct Answer lying flat against the upper back
approximately between the second and seventh thoracic. About 4 inches apart.
Ideal alignment - Correct Answer plumb line in front of malleolus, slightly anterior to
a midline through knee, approximately through the greater trochanter of femur,
approximately midway through trunk, through shoulder joint, through body of cervical
spine, through lobe of ear
Normal curves of spine - Correct Answer cervical (7) - concave posteriorly
Thoracic (12) - convex posteriorly
Lumbar (5) - concave posteriorly
Sacrum (5 fused) - convex posteriorly
Tailbone or coccyx (4 fused)
Bilateral - Correct Answer working with both sides of the body or both limbs
Unilateral - Correct Answer only working with one side or limb
Ipsilateral - Correct Answer Working on the same side of the body
Contralateral - Correct Answer working opposite sides of the body in one exercise
Proximal - Correct Answer Close to the center of the body
Distal - Correct Answer appendages of the body or far end of appendages
Complete Answers
Anteroposterior (Foot) - Correct Answer Dorsiflexors oppose plantar flexors
Lateral and rotary (Foot) - Correct Answer Tibias oppose perineal
HIP - Anteroposterior - Correct Answer Iliopsoas, Rectus femora’s, tensor fascia
late, and Sartorius oppose Gluteus Maximus and hamstrings
KNEE - anteroposterior - Correct Answer hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and popliteal
oppose quads
HIP - Lateral - Correct Answer Unilaterally, abductors oppose abductors.
Bilaterally, right abductors and left abductors oppose left abductors and right
adductors.
HIP - Rotary - Correct Answer Unilaterally, internal rotators oppose external
rotators. Bilaterally, right external rotate opposes the left internal rotators and left
external rotators oppose the right internal rotators.
TRUNK - Anteroposterior - Correct Answer Low back muscles oppose anterior
abdominal muscles
TRUNK - Lateral - Correct Answer Lateral trunk muscles oppose each other.
TRUNK - Rotary - Correct Answer Muscles that produce clockwise rotation oppose
those that produce counterclockwise rotation.
Pelvis - Correct Answer the muscles are pivoting in the femora so the opposing
groups of muscles act not only in straight anteroposterior opposition, but also
diagonally to tilt the pelvis forward and backward and laterally.
Exert an upward pull posteriorly - Correct Answer erector spine, quadrates
lumbered, and other posterior back muscles attached to the PSIS
Exert an upward pull anteriorly - Correct Answer anterior abdominals, especially
the rectus abdominals with its insertion on the syphilis pubis and the external oblique
with attachment on the anterior iliac crest
Downward pull posteriorly - Correct Answer gluteus Maximus and hamstrings, with
attachments on the posterior ileum, sacrum, and ischium
, Downward pull anteriorly - Correct Answer the hip flexors, including the rectus
femora’s, tensor fasciae late, and Sartorius with attachments on the anterior superior
and inferior spines of the ilium, and the iliopsoas with attachment on the lumbar
spine and inner surface of the ilium.
Lateral opposition - pulling down pelvis - Correct Answer leg abductors (gluteus
minimums and Medias) which arise from the lateral surface of the pelvis
Lateral opposition- pulling up pelvis - Correct Answer lateral trunk muscles
attached to the lateral Crest of the ilium
Lordships - Correct Answer anterior tilt
Flat back (pelvis position) - Correct Answer posterior tilt
Where the rectus abdominals attaches - Correct Answer pubic bone to the sternum
Attached to the anterior iliac spines (downward) - Correct Answer rectus femora’s,
Sartorius, tensor fasciae late
Good alignment - scapulae - Correct Answer lying flat against the upper back
approximately between the second and seventh thoracic. About 4 inches apart.
Ideal alignment - Correct Answer plumb line in front of malleolus, slightly anterior to
a midline through knee, approximately through the greater trochanter of femur,
approximately midway through trunk, through shoulder joint, through body of cervical
spine, through lobe of ear
Normal curves of spine - Correct Answer cervical (7) - concave posteriorly
Thoracic (12) - convex posteriorly
Lumbar (5) - concave posteriorly
Sacrum (5 fused) - convex posteriorly
Tailbone or coccyx (4 fused)
Bilateral - Correct Answer working with both sides of the body or both limbs
Unilateral - Correct Answer only working with one side or limb
Ipsilateral - Correct Answer Working on the same side of the body
Contralateral - Correct Answer working opposite sides of the body in one exercise
Proximal - Correct Answer Close to the center of the body
Distal - Correct Answer appendages of the body or far end of appendages
