Test Bank: Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to
Mind and Behavior 15th Edition by Dennis - Ch. 1-18,
9781337565691, with Rationales
Jerrard is trying to get help with his study strategies. The tutor first asks him to read a passage and
cross out all the "e" letters. Then asks if he remembers what the passage said and he says, "nope."
Then, the tutor asks him to reread the passage and think to himself on whether it relates to his own
experience. The next week, the tutor asks if Jerrard remembers what the passage said and Jerrard
was able to paraphrase it fairly well! During the second study strategy, Jarrard was experiencing:
a. projection bias
b. hindsight bias
c. planning fallacy
d. deep processing - ANSWER:d. deep processing
Carol pictures graduation and thinks she'll have everything together and be so happy at that point in
her life. In reality, graduation is stressful and most students have a lot of hard decisions to make.
What bias is Carol showing?
a. projection bias
b. hindsight bias
c. planning fallacy
d. deep processing - ANSWER:a. projection bias
Sally is a student at PC and really wants to improve her grades. She realizes she may need to change
or improve her habits and ways of life in order to be more successful. Sally does some research about
how drinking before a test and test grades are correlated. She discovers that the more a student
drinks before a test, the lower their test scores will be. Assuming Sally's data is accurate, what type of
correlation would this be considered?
a. Positive correlation
b. Negative correlation
c. No correlation
d. Not enough information given - ANSWER:b. Negative correlation
Eli decides to go to the park to study a group of ducks. He sits down and watches unobtrusively to see
what triggers their quacking behavior. Which type of research method is Eli using?
a. Correlational
b. Case study
c. Archival data
d. Naturalistic observational - ANSWER:d. Naturalistic observational
Marley is starting a research project on bacteria growth on sponges. Marley's teacher
explains that it is important to have the ability to think clearly, rationally, and independently when it
comes to herproject. What specific term is Marley's teacher expecting of her?
a) Descriptive thinking
b) Critical thinking
c) Archival thinking
d) Research based thinking - ANSWER:b) Critical thinking
Marie went to the dentist to get a check-up. She was surprised when her dentist told her that she had
multiple cavities. Her dentist told her she has been eating too much candy and that the more candy
she eats the more like she will have many cavities. What correlational direction is this relationship
describing?
a. Positive correlation
, b. Negative correlation
c. No correlation
d. Not enough information given - ANSWER:a. Positive correlation
A student researcher at PC wants to find out if going to psychology classes makes people happy. She
waits outside of a psychology class one morning, and after it ends and everyone starts to walk out,
she stops people who have smiles on their faces and asks them to self-report how happy they are. She
concludes that psychology classes do indeed make students cheerier. What was wrong with this
study?
A. Her sample size was too small
B. She established a causal relationship where might not have been any
C. She used the wrong method for establishing causal relationships
D. All of the above - ANSWER:d.) all of the above
Bill conducts an experiment to test his hypothesis: if you take a vitamin supplement in the morning,
then you will feel better throughout the day. He hires staff to conduct the experiment, but he does
not tell them which pill is the supplement and which is the placebo. The staff simply mark A or B as
the pill given and then ask the participants standardized questions throughout the day. What
technique is Bill using in this study?
a. Deception technique
b. Descriptive technique
c. Case study technique
d. Naturalistic observational technique - ANSWER:a) Deception technique
Jackson wanted to study one individual in hopes of revealing things true about all of us. Specifically,
he wants to find out if someone who has been separated from society can develop similar brain
functions as someone who has not been separated from society. What type of method is Jackson
describing?
a) Survey
b) Examination
c) Case Study
d) Correlation - ANSWER:c) Case Study
Alec sat in GDH and observed how many people were using their phones, while having face to face
conversations. What type of research method did he use?
A. Naturalistic Observation
B. Random sampling
C. Survey
D. Ethical Research - ANSWER:a) Naturalistic Observation
Politicians wanted to know how much water people consume per day in the United States. To study
this, researchers surveyed people living in the Midwest by randomly choosing numbers to call out of
the phone book. When researchers spoke to participants, they asked how long they run water when
taking a shower, brushing their teeth, doing dishes, etc. What is wrong with this research design?
A) Poor random assignment
B) Poor validity
C) Poor reliability
D) Poor random sampling - ANSWER:D) Poor random sampling
Nick wants to know if there is any connection between how long people are watching tv and how
unhealthy they are. He conducts a correlation and finds that as the number of hours watching tv daily
increases, so too does the level of unhealthy activity reported by participants. This relationship has a
correlation of r = .82. This represents a:
a) Strong and positive correlation
b) Perfect correlation
c) Strong and negative correlation
d) No correlation at all - ANSWER:a) Strong and positive correlation
Mind and Behavior 15th Edition by Dennis - Ch. 1-18,
9781337565691, with Rationales
Jerrard is trying to get help with his study strategies. The tutor first asks him to read a passage and
cross out all the "e" letters. Then asks if he remembers what the passage said and he says, "nope."
Then, the tutor asks him to reread the passage and think to himself on whether it relates to his own
experience. The next week, the tutor asks if Jerrard remembers what the passage said and Jerrard
was able to paraphrase it fairly well! During the second study strategy, Jarrard was experiencing:
a. projection bias
b. hindsight bias
c. planning fallacy
d. deep processing - ANSWER:d. deep processing
Carol pictures graduation and thinks she'll have everything together and be so happy at that point in
her life. In reality, graduation is stressful and most students have a lot of hard decisions to make.
What bias is Carol showing?
a. projection bias
b. hindsight bias
c. planning fallacy
d. deep processing - ANSWER:a. projection bias
Sally is a student at PC and really wants to improve her grades. She realizes she may need to change
or improve her habits and ways of life in order to be more successful. Sally does some research about
how drinking before a test and test grades are correlated. She discovers that the more a student
drinks before a test, the lower their test scores will be. Assuming Sally's data is accurate, what type of
correlation would this be considered?
a. Positive correlation
b. Negative correlation
c. No correlation
d. Not enough information given - ANSWER:b. Negative correlation
Eli decides to go to the park to study a group of ducks. He sits down and watches unobtrusively to see
what triggers their quacking behavior. Which type of research method is Eli using?
a. Correlational
b. Case study
c. Archival data
d. Naturalistic observational - ANSWER:d. Naturalistic observational
Marley is starting a research project on bacteria growth on sponges. Marley's teacher
explains that it is important to have the ability to think clearly, rationally, and independently when it
comes to herproject. What specific term is Marley's teacher expecting of her?
a) Descriptive thinking
b) Critical thinking
c) Archival thinking
d) Research based thinking - ANSWER:b) Critical thinking
Marie went to the dentist to get a check-up. She was surprised when her dentist told her that she had
multiple cavities. Her dentist told her she has been eating too much candy and that the more candy
she eats the more like she will have many cavities. What correlational direction is this relationship
describing?
a. Positive correlation
, b. Negative correlation
c. No correlation
d. Not enough information given - ANSWER:a. Positive correlation
A student researcher at PC wants to find out if going to psychology classes makes people happy. She
waits outside of a psychology class one morning, and after it ends and everyone starts to walk out,
she stops people who have smiles on their faces and asks them to self-report how happy they are. She
concludes that psychology classes do indeed make students cheerier. What was wrong with this
study?
A. Her sample size was too small
B. She established a causal relationship where might not have been any
C. She used the wrong method for establishing causal relationships
D. All of the above - ANSWER:d.) all of the above
Bill conducts an experiment to test his hypothesis: if you take a vitamin supplement in the morning,
then you will feel better throughout the day. He hires staff to conduct the experiment, but he does
not tell them which pill is the supplement and which is the placebo. The staff simply mark A or B as
the pill given and then ask the participants standardized questions throughout the day. What
technique is Bill using in this study?
a. Deception technique
b. Descriptive technique
c. Case study technique
d. Naturalistic observational technique - ANSWER:a) Deception technique
Jackson wanted to study one individual in hopes of revealing things true about all of us. Specifically,
he wants to find out if someone who has been separated from society can develop similar brain
functions as someone who has not been separated from society. What type of method is Jackson
describing?
a) Survey
b) Examination
c) Case Study
d) Correlation - ANSWER:c) Case Study
Alec sat in GDH and observed how many people were using their phones, while having face to face
conversations. What type of research method did he use?
A. Naturalistic Observation
B. Random sampling
C. Survey
D. Ethical Research - ANSWER:a) Naturalistic Observation
Politicians wanted to know how much water people consume per day in the United States. To study
this, researchers surveyed people living in the Midwest by randomly choosing numbers to call out of
the phone book. When researchers spoke to participants, they asked how long they run water when
taking a shower, brushing their teeth, doing dishes, etc. What is wrong with this research design?
A) Poor random assignment
B) Poor validity
C) Poor reliability
D) Poor random sampling - ANSWER:D) Poor random sampling
Nick wants to know if there is any connection between how long people are watching tv and how
unhealthy they are. He conducts a correlation and finds that as the number of hours watching tv daily
increases, so too does the level of unhealthy activity reported by participants. This relationship has a
correlation of r = .82. This represents a:
a) Strong and positive correlation
b) Perfect correlation
c) Strong and negative correlation
d) No correlation at all - ANSWER:a) Strong and positive correlation
