Carbohydrates Summary
Metabolism (overview) :
Metabolism is the
by which our bodies harvest the
fre energy stored
way
in nutrients.
Our bodies are
open systems so we are
constantly in need
of imput
·
,
energy
to
make-up for the loss/heat or work).
A positive energy
intake (energy intake
energy expendine) or a
negative one
will lead to and death extreme
negative consequences ,
in cases
.
5 principles of metabolic
pathways :
have at least step This to
.
1
They are :
irreversible They always one irreversible . is
confer
directionality to the
pathway
.
2 .
They always have a
first committed step The first
:
step of a metabolic
pathway
. This
is
always irreversible is to commit
the intermediates down the pathway
.
. All metabolic reactions the law
3 are
regulated : All
pathways are
regulated by
demand. The
of supply and
rate-limiting
that
step is the one
gets regulated.
, 4. Anabolic and catabolic
: Regulation based
4
pathways must
differ is on
needs (one
metabolic
pathway
while the other
is
favoured is
inhibited)
. Metabolic reactions
S occur in
specific organelles
Pancreatic B-cell kT Leads to
Glucose
uptake
actu
:
- - depolarization
and
opening
Intestinal cell
J- Gluten
++
Ca
oursestrit
Sure Causes
Glucose
I [ ↑
&
↓
Insulin .
Faucose
( Glucose ·
iii
receptor
S
-
Passive transport
#T
L
G
L
J
~ Ticose
Causes
↓
glycogen Recruits Recruits
and lipid synthesis and causes and causes
2 S &glycogen synthesis & lipogenisis S
Muscle all
Liver sell
Adipocyte
Metabolism (overview) :
Metabolism is the
by which our bodies harvest the
fre energy stored
way
in nutrients.
Our bodies are
open systems so we are
constantly in need
of imput
·
,
energy
to
make-up for the loss/heat or work).
A positive energy
intake (energy intake
energy expendine) or a
negative one
will lead to and death extreme
negative consequences ,
in cases
.
5 principles of metabolic
pathways :
have at least step This to
.
1
They are :
irreversible They always one irreversible . is
confer
directionality to the
pathway
.
2 .
They always have a
first committed step The first
:
step of a metabolic
pathway
. This
is
always irreversible is to commit
the intermediates down the pathway
.
. All metabolic reactions the law
3 are
regulated : All
pathways are
regulated by
demand. The
of supply and
rate-limiting
that
step is the one
gets regulated.
, 4. Anabolic and catabolic
: Regulation based
4
pathways must
differ is on
needs (one
metabolic
pathway
while the other
is
favoured is
inhibited)
. Metabolic reactions
S occur in
specific organelles
Pancreatic B-cell kT Leads to
Glucose
uptake
actu
:
- - depolarization
and
opening
Intestinal cell
J- Gluten
++
Ca
oursestrit
Sure Causes
Glucose
I [ ↑
&
↓
Insulin .
Faucose
( Glucose ·
iii
receptor
S
-
Passive transport
#T
L
G
L
J
~ Ticose
Causes
↓
glycogen Recruits Recruits
and lipid synthesis and causes and causes
2 S &glycogen synthesis & lipogenisis S
Muscle all
Liver sell
Adipocyte
