Test bank for Pediatric Nursing A Case Based Approach
1st Edition by Gannon Tagher and Lisa Knapp |
9781496394224 |Chapter 1-34 | All Chapters with
Answers and Rationals
Problems with the heart's structure that are present at birth developing in utero which affects the
normal flow of blood through the heart. [HESI/NCSBN] - ANSWER: Congenital Heart Defects
What is the etiology of congenital heart disease? [NCBSN] - ANSWER: Infection
Alcoholism
Late Pregnancy (> 40 Years)
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Genetics
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
___________________ changes are genetic causes of congenital heart disease. [NCSBN] - ANSWER:
Chromosomal
A hole in the heart's internal wall where the infant or child is "pink" and may become cyanotic.
[NCSBN] - ANSWER: Acyanotic Heart Defect
When blood flows from heart's arterial or left, to the venous, or right, side of the heart. It is a "left to
right shunt", not systemically, but only within the heart itself. The size of the defect determines the
severity of the condition. [NCSBN] - ANSWER: Acyanotic Heart Defect
What are the 5 acyanotic congenital heart defects? [HESI] - ANSWER: Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
An asymptomatic or mild heart failure (HF) where there is increased blood flow of oxygenated blood
into the right heart due to a hole between the two atriums. Oxygenated blood from the left atrium is
shunted to the right atrium and recirculated into the lungs. [HESI/NCSBN] - ANSWER: Atrial Septal
Defect (ASD)
Most congenital defects do not compromise children seriously. However, when is surgical correction
suggested for a pediatric patient with an atrial septal defect (ASD)? What can happen if the surgery is
not performed? [HESI] - ANSWER: Before School Age. Atrial heart failure (HF), congestion, or atrial
dysrhythmias can occur is surgery is not made.
An asymptomatic or mild heart failure (HF) where a systolic murmur can be heard. [NCBSN] -
ANSWER: Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Heart failure (HF) to a degree that depends on the size of the defect or murmur. It is caused by
increased blood volume pumped into the lungs. Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle is shunted
to the right ventricle and recirculated into the lungs. [HESI/NCBSN] - ANSWER: Ventricular Septal
Defect (VSD)
In ventricular septal defects (VSD) small defects close automatically, but large ones do not. Name 2
things large defects can cause. What are 3 causes of ventricular septal defects (VSD)? [HESI/NCSBN] -
ANSWER: Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)
, Eisenmenger Syndrome
Bacterial Endocarditis
A complication of ventricular septal disease (VSD) when large defects are not fixed or long-standing
left-to-right shunt causes hypertension (HTN) leading to a right-to-left shunt. - ANSWER: Eisenmenger
Syndrome
An asymptomatic or mild heart failure (HF) that occurs during infancy where the aorta and pulmonary
artery fail to close. If it remains patent, oxygenated blood from the aorta returns to pulmonary
circulation. [NCSBN] - ANSWER: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
When does the ductus arteriosus typically close? [NCSBN] - ANSWER: Within 72 hours of birth.
Increased blood flow to the lungs causes pulmonary _________________. It may require the
medication ___________________ or surgical closure. [HESI] - ANSWER: Hypertension
(HTN)/Indomethacin (Indocin)
An asymptomatic or mild heart failure where a machinary-like murmur can be heard. [NCSBN] -
ANSWER: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
What are the signs and symptoms (S/S) of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? - ANSWER: Increased Pulse
Pressure
Dyspnea
Bounding Exertional Pulse
What 3 acyanotic congenital heart defects decrease pulmonary blood flow? [NCSBN] - ANSWER:
Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)
When there is an obstructive narrowing of the heart. The most common sites are the aortic valve and
the aorta near the ductus arteriosus. [HESI] - ANSWER: Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
With coarctation of the aorta (COA) there are many signs and symptoms (S/S). Increased
________________ in the head and arms and decreased _______________ in the feet and legs occur.
Cooler temperature in both legs or mild heart failure (HF) occur in patients who complain of increased
blood pressure (BP) and ________________, ________________, and ________________.
[HESI/NCSBN] - ANSWER: Blood Pressure (BP)/BP/Headache (HA)/Dizziness/Fainting
In aortic stenosis (AS), narrowing of the aortic value before, at, or after the aortic valve. It occurs
causing patients to experience exercise intolerance; chest ________________; and
_________________. Oxygenated blood flow from the left ventricle into systemic circulation is
deminished. [NCBSN] - ANSWER: Pain/Dizziness
A narrowing immediately before, at, or after the aortic valve. [HESI] - ANSWER: Aortic Stenosis (AS)
In pulmonary stenosis (PS), narrowing of the pulmonary artery occurs. Signs and symptoms (S/S)
appear asymptomatic or mild __________________ occurs with increased symptoms with greater
narrowing. [NCSBN] - ANSWER: Cyanosis
The severity of pulmonary stenosis (PS) is related to the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy and
the extent of _________________. [HESI] - ANSWER: Shunting
Some signs and symptoms (S/S) of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) include increased/decreased pulse
pressure; dyspnea; and a bounding rapid pulse on exertion. [NCBSN] - ANSWER: Increased
1st Edition by Gannon Tagher and Lisa Knapp |
9781496394224 |Chapter 1-34 | All Chapters with
Answers and Rationals
Problems with the heart's structure that are present at birth developing in utero which affects the
normal flow of blood through the heart. [HESI/NCSBN] - ANSWER: Congenital Heart Defects
What is the etiology of congenital heart disease? [NCBSN] - ANSWER: Infection
Alcoholism
Late Pregnancy (> 40 Years)
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Genetics
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
___________________ changes are genetic causes of congenital heart disease. [NCSBN] - ANSWER:
Chromosomal
A hole in the heart's internal wall where the infant or child is "pink" and may become cyanotic.
[NCSBN] - ANSWER: Acyanotic Heart Defect
When blood flows from heart's arterial or left, to the venous, or right, side of the heart. It is a "left to
right shunt", not systemically, but only within the heart itself. The size of the defect determines the
severity of the condition. [NCSBN] - ANSWER: Acyanotic Heart Defect
What are the 5 acyanotic congenital heart defects? [HESI] - ANSWER: Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
An asymptomatic or mild heart failure (HF) where there is increased blood flow of oxygenated blood
into the right heart due to a hole between the two atriums. Oxygenated blood from the left atrium is
shunted to the right atrium and recirculated into the lungs. [HESI/NCSBN] - ANSWER: Atrial Septal
Defect (ASD)
Most congenital defects do not compromise children seriously. However, when is surgical correction
suggested for a pediatric patient with an atrial septal defect (ASD)? What can happen if the surgery is
not performed? [HESI] - ANSWER: Before School Age. Atrial heart failure (HF), congestion, or atrial
dysrhythmias can occur is surgery is not made.
An asymptomatic or mild heart failure (HF) where a systolic murmur can be heard. [NCBSN] -
ANSWER: Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Heart failure (HF) to a degree that depends on the size of the defect or murmur. It is caused by
increased blood volume pumped into the lungs. Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle is shunted
to the right ventricle and recirculated into the lungs. [HESI/NCBSN] - ANSWER: Ventricular Septal
Defect (VSD)
In ventricular septal defects (VSD) small defects close automatically, but large ones do not. Name 2
things large defects can cause. What are 3 causes of ventricular septal defects (VSD)? [HESI/NCSBN] -
ANSWER: Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)
, Eisenmenger Syndrome
Bacterial Endocarditis
A complication of ventricular septal disease (VSD) when large defects are not fixed or long-standing
left-to-right shunt causes hypertension (HTN) leading to a right-to-left shunt. - ANSWER: Eisenmenger
Syndrome
An asymptomatic or mild heart failure (HF) that occurs during infancy where the aorta and pulmonary
artery fail to close. If it remains patent, oxygenated blood from the aorta returns to pulmonary
circulation. [NCSBN] - ANSWER: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
When does the ductus arteriosus typically close? [NCSBN] - ANSWER: Within 72 hours of birth.
Increased blood flow to the lungs causes pulmonary _________________. It may require the
medication ___________________ or surgical closure. [HESI] - ANSWER: Hypertension
(HTN)/Indomethacin (Indocin)
An asymptomatic or mild heart failure where a machinary-like murmur can be heard. [NCSBN] -
ANSWER: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
What are the signs and symptoms (S/S) of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? - ANSWER: Increased Pulse
Pressure
Dyspnea
Bounding Exertional Pulse
What 3 acyanotic congenital heart defects decrease pulmonary blood flow? [NCSBN] - ANSWER:
Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)
When there is an obstructive narrowing of the heart. The most common sites are the aortic valve and
the aorta near the ductus arteriosus. [HESI] - ANSWER: Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
With coarctation of the aorta (COA) there are many signs and symptoms (S/S). Increased
________________ in the head and arms and decreased _______________ in the feet and legs occur.
Cooler temperature in both legs or mild heart failure (HF) occur in patients who complain of increased
blood pressure (BP) and ________________, ________________, and ________________.
[HESI/NCSBN] - ANSWER: Blood Pressure (BP)/BP/Headache (HA)/Dizziness/Fainting
In aortic stenosis (AS), narrowing of the aortic value before, at, or after the aortic valve. It occurs
causing patients to experience exercise intolerance; chest ________________; and
_________________. Oxygenated blood flow from the left ventricle into systemic circulation is
deminished. [NCBSN] - ANSWER: Pain/Dizziness
A narrowing immediately before, at, or after the aortic valve. [HESI] - ANSWER: Aortic Stenosis (AS)
In pulmonary stenosis (PS), narrowing of the pulmonary artery occurs. Signs and symptoms (S/S)
appear asymptomatic or mild __________________ occurs with increased symptoms with greater
narrowing. [NCSBN] - ANSWER: Cyanosis
The severity of pulmonary stenosis (PS) is related to the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy and
the extent of _________________. [HESI] - ANSWER: Shunting
Some signs and symptoms (S/S) of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) include increased/decreased pulse
pressure; dyspnea; and a bounding rapid pulse on exertion. [NCBSN] - ANSWER: Increased
