Test Bank for Essential Cell Biology 5th Edition by Alberts |
9780393680379 | Chapter 1-20 |All Chapters with Answers
and Rationals
Living systems are incredibly diverse in size, shape, environment, and behavior. It is estimated that
there are between 10 million and 100 million different species. Despite this wide variety of organisms,
it remains difficult to define what it means to say that something is alive. Which of the following can
be described as the smallest living unit?
(a) DNA
(b) Cell
(c) Organelle
(d) Protein - ANSWER: (b) Cell
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false, explain why it is
false.
(a) A virus is a living organism
(b) Cells of different types can have different chemical requirements
(c) A human whit blood cell is larger than a Paramecium cell - ANSWER: (a) False. Viruses are not
defined as living organisms because the lack the ability to reproduce by themselves
(b) True
(c) False. A Paramecium cell is approximately 10x as large as a human white blood cell
The flow of genetic information is controlled by a series of biochemical reactions that result in the
production of proteins, each with its own specific order of amino acids. Choose the correct series of
biochemical reactions from the options presented here.
(a) replication, transcription, translation
(b) replication, translation, transcription
(c) translation, transcription, replication
(d) translation, replication, transcription - ANSWER: (a) replication, transcription, translation
Proteins are important architectural and catalytic components within the cell, helping to determine its
chemistry, its shape, and its ability to respond to changes in the environment. Remarkably, all of the
different proteins in a cell are made from the same 20 ______. By linking them in different sequences,
the cell can make protein molecules with different conformations and surface chemistries, and
therefore different functions.
(a) nucleotides
(b) sugars
(c) amino acids
(d) fatty acids - ANSWER: (c) amino acids
Changes in DNA sequence from one generation to the next may result in offspring that are altered in
fitness compared with their parents. The process of change and selection over the course of many
generations is the basis of
(a) mutation
(b) evolution
(c) heredity
(d) reproduction - ANSWER: (b) evolution
,What unit of length would you generally use to measure a typical human cell?
(a) centimeters
(b) nanometers
(c) millimeters
(d) micrometers - ANSWER: (d) micrometers
Uses a light microscope with an optical component to take advantage of the different refractive
indexes of light passing through different regions of the cell - ANSWER: Phase contrast
Employs a light microscope and requires that samples be fixed and stained in order to reveal cellular
details - ANSWER: Bright-field
Requires the use of two sets of filters. The first filter narrows the wavelength range that reaches the
specimen and the second blocks out all wavelengths that pass up to the eyepiece except for those
emitted by the dye in the sample - ANSWER: Fluorescence
Scans the specimen with a focused laser beam to obtain a series of two-dimensional optical sections,
which can be used to reconstruct an image of the specimen in three-dimensions. The laser excites a
fluorescent dye molecule, and the emitted light from each illuminated point is captured through a
pinhole and recorded by a detector - ANSWER: Confocal
Has the ability to resolve cellular components as small as 2 nm - ANSWER: Transmission electron
Requires coating the sample with a thin layer of a heavy metal to produce three-dimensional images
of the surface of a sample - ANSWER: Scanning Electron
By definition, prokaryotic cells do not possess
(a) a nucleus
(b) replication machinery
(c) ribosomes
(d) membrane bilayers - ANSWER: (a) a nucleus
Although there are many distinct prokaryotic species, most have a small range of shapes, sizes, and
growth rates. Which of the following characteristics are not observed in prokaryotes?
(a) a highly structured cytoplasm
(b) endoplasmic reticulum
(c) the ability to divide rapidly
(d) a cell wall - ANSWER: (a) a highly structured cytoplasm
(b) endoplasmic reticulum
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false, explain why it is
false.
(a) Oxygen is toxic to certain prokaryotic organisms
(b) Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from anaerobic bacteria
(c) Although bacteria use a variety of organic substances as food, bacteria are not able to live on
inorganic substances - ANSWER: (a) True
(b) False. Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from aerobic bacteria
(c) False. Some prokaryotes (bacteria) can live on inorganic substances
, The ______ ________ is made up of two concentric membranes and is continuous with the
endoplasmic reticulum
(a) plasma membrane
(b) Golgi network
(c) mitochondrial membrane
(d) nuclear envelope - ANSWER: (d) nuclear envelope
The nucleus, an organelle found in eukaryotic cells, confines the ______, keeping them separated
from other components of the cell.
(a) lysosomes
(b) chromosomes
(c) peroxisomes
(d) ribosomes - ANSWER: (b) chromosomes
Which of the following organelles has both an outer and an inner membrane?
(a) endoplasmic reticulum
(b) mitochondrion
(c) lysosome
(d) peroxisome - ANSWER: (b) mitochondrion
Mitochondria contain their own genome, are able to duplicate, and actually divide on a different
timeline from the rest of the cell. Nevertheless, mitochondria canot function for long when isolated
from the cell because they are
(a) viruses
(b) parasites
(c) endosymbionts
(d) anaerobes - ANSWER: (c) endosymbionts
Chloroplasts are found only in eukaryotic cells that carry out photosynthesis: plants and algae. Plants
and algae appear green as a result of the presence of chlorophyll. Where is chlorophyll located in the
chloroplast?
(a) in the first, outer membrane
(b) in the space between the first and second membrane
(c) in the second, inner membrane
(d) in the third, innermost membrane - ANSWER: (d) in the third, innermost membrane
Photosynthesis enables plants to capture the energy from sunlight. In this essential process, plants
incorporate the carbon from CO2 into high-energy _______ molecules, which plant cell mitochondria
use to produce ATP.
(a) fat
(b) sugar
(c) protein
(d) fiber - ANSWER: (b) sugar
The cell constantly exchanges materials by bringing nutrients in from the external environment and
shuttling unwanted by-products back out. Which term describes the process by which external
materials are captured inside vesicles and brought into the cell?
(a) degredation
(b) exocytosis
(c) phagocytosis
9780393680379 | Chapter 1-20 |All Chapters with Answers
and Rationals
Living systems are incredibly diverse in size, shape, environment, and behavior. It is estimated that
there are between 10 million and 100 million different species. Despite this wide variety of organisms,
it remains difficult to define what it means to say that something is alive. Which of the following can
be described as the smallest living unit?
(a) DNA
(b) Cell
(c) Organelle
(d) Protein - ANSWER: (b) Cell
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false, explain why it is
false.
(a) A virus is a living organism
(b) Cells of different types can have different chemical requirements
(c) A human whit blood cell is larger than a Paramecium cell - ANSWER: (a) False. Viruses are not
defined as living organisms because the lack the ability to reproduce by themselves
(b) True
(c) False. A Paramecium cell is approximately 10x as large as a human white blood cell
The flow of genetic information is controlled by a series of biochemical reactions that result in the
production of proteins, each with its own specific order of amino acids. Choose the correct series of
biochemical reactions from the options presented here.
(a) replication, transcription, translation
(b) replication, translation, transcription
(c) translation, transcription, replication
(d) translation, replication, transcription - ANSWER: (a) replication, transcription, translation
Proteins are important architectural and catalytic components within the cell, helping to determine its
chemistry, its shape, and its ability to respond to changes in the environment. Remarkably, all of the
different proteins in a cell are made from the same 20 ______. By linking them in different sequences,
the cell can make protein molecules with different conformations and surface chemistries, and
therefore different functions.
(a) nucleotides
(b) sugars
(c) amino acids
(d) fatty acids - ANSWER: (c) amino acids
Changes in DNA sequence from one generation to the next may result in offspring that are altered in
fitness compared with their parents. The process of change and selection over the course of many
generations is the basis of
(a) mutation
(b) evolution
(c) heredity
(d) reproduction - ANSWER: (b) evolution
,What unit of length would you generally use to measure a typical human cell?
(a) centimeters
(b) nanometers
(c) millimeters
(d) micrometers - ANSWER: (d) micrometers
Uses a light microscope with an optical component to take advantage of the different refractive
indexes of light passing through different regions of the cell - ANSWER: Phase contrast
Employs a light microscope and requires that samples be fixed and stained in order to reveal cellular
details - ANSWER: Bright-field
Requires the use of two sets of filters. The first filter narrows the wavelength range that reaches the
specimen and the second blocks out all wavelengths that pass up to the eyepiece except for those
emitted by the dye in the sample - ANSWER: Fluorescence
Scans the specimen with a focused laser beam to obtain a series of two-dimensional optical sections,
which can be used to reconstruct an image of the specimen in three-dimensions. The laser excites a
fluorescent dye molecule, and the emitted light from each illuminated point is captured through a
pinhole and recorded by a detector - ANSWER: Confocal
Has the ability to resolve cellular components as small as 2 nm - ANSWER: Transmission electron
Requires coating the sample with a thin layer of a heavy metal to produce three-dimensional images
of the surface of a sample - ANSWER: Scanning Electron
By definition, prokaryotic cells do not possess
(a) a nucleus
(b) replication machinery
(c) ribosomes
(d) membrane bilayers - ANSWER: (a) a nucleus
Although there are many distinct prokaryotic species, most have a small range of shapes, sizes, and
growth rates. Which of the following characteristics are not observed in prokaryotes?
(a) a highly structured cytoplasm
(b) endoplasmic reticulum
(c) the ability to divide rapidly
(d) a cell wall - ANSWER: (a) a highly structured cytoplasm
(b) endoplasmic reticulum
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false, explain why it is
false.
(a) Oxygen is toxic to certain prokaryotic organisms
(b) Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from anaerobic bacteria
(c) Although bacteria use a variety of organic substances as food, bacteria are not able to live on
inorganic substances - ANSWER: (a) True
(b) False. Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from aerobic bacteria
(c) False. Some prokaryotes (bacteria) can live on inorganic substances
, The ______ ________ is made up of two concentric membranes and is continuous with the
endoplasmic reticulum
(a) plasma membrane
(b) Golgi network
(c) mitochondrial membrane
(d) nuclear envelope - ANSWER: (d) nuclear envelope
The nucleus, an organelle found in eukaryotic cells, confines the ______, keeping them separated
from other components of the cell.
(a) lysosomes
(b) chromosomes
(c) peroxisomes
(d) ribosomes - ANSWER: (b) chromosomes
Which of the following organelles has both an outer and an inner membrane?
(a) endoplasmic reticulum
(b) mitochondrion
(c) lysosome
(d) peroxisome - ANSWER: (b) mitochondrion
Mitochondria contain their own genome, are able to duplicate, and actually divide on a different
timeline from the rest of the cell. Nevertheless, mitochondria canot function for long when isolated
from the cell because they are
(a) viruses
(b) parasites
(c) endosymbionts
(d) anaerobes - ANSWER: (c) endosymbionts
Chloroplasts are found only in eukaryotic cells that carry out photosynthesis: plants and algae. Plants
and algae appear green as a result of the presence of chlorophyll. Where is chlorophyll located in the
chloroplast?
(a) in the first, outer membrane
(b) in the space between the first and second membrane
(c) in the second, inner membrane
(d) in the third, innermost membrane - ANSWER: (d) in the third, innermost membrane
Photosynthesis enables plants to capture the energy from sunlight. In this essential process, plants
incorporate the carbon from CO2 into high-energy _______ molecules, which plant cell mitochondria
use to produce ATP.
(a) fat
(b) sugar
(c) protein
(d) fiber - ANSWER: (b) sugar
The cell constantly exchanges materials by bringing nutrients in from the external environment and
shuttling unwanted by-products back out. Which term describes the process by which external
materials are captured inside vesicles and brought into the cell?
(a) degredation
(b) exocytosis
(c) phagocytosis
