Test Bank For Pathophysiology Concepts of Human Disease,
1st Edition (Sorenson, 2019), Chapter 1-53 | 9780133414783 |
All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
what is the most common age group for men with testicular cancer? - ANSWER: 20-40 years old
While the etiology of testicular cancer is unknown, which chromosomal alteration may be implicated?
- ANSWER: chromosome 14
what is the major risk factor for development of testicular cancer? how much does it increase the
risk? - ANSWER: cryptorchidism; 20-40 times more likely to develop testicular cancer
what are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer? - ANSWER: Small painless testicular mass,
slight enlargement of testicle, heaviness or enlargement of scrotum, mild testicular discomfort
What diagnostic tests are used for testicular cancer? - ANSWER: self-testicular exam, surgery, tumor
marker, imaging studies
how often should a man conduct a self-testicular exam? - ANSWER: monthly
what are treatment options for testicular cancer? - ANSWER: surgical removal of the tumor and
affected testes, radiation, chemotherapy
complete the sentence: prostate cancer is the _____ leading cause of cancer death in men,
predominantly in ____________ men - ANSWER: 2nd; older
what are the risk factors for prostate cancer? - ANSWER: family history, black race, genetics, smoking,
nutritional factors (high fat, meat), hormones (androgen & estrogen support prostate growth)
where are clinical manifestations of prostate cancer found? what does benign enlargement feel like?
what does malignancy feel like? - ANSWER: on rectal exam; benign enlargement is soft; malignant is
hard, asymmetrical and cobblestone texture
when do the clinical manifestations of prostate cancer appear? what other condition do the signs and
symptoms mimic? - ANSWER: appear when urethra becomes obstructed; same signs and symptoms
as BPH
what diagnostic tools are used for prostate cancer? - ANSWER: rectal exam, ultrasound, PSA levels,
diagnosis confirmed with tissue biopsy
what treatment options are available for prostate cancer? - ANSWER: surgery, radiation,
chemotherapy, androgen-deprivation hormone
what is watchful waiting, in reference to prostate cancer? - ANSWER: 6 month - 1 year check up that
occurs when a patient has no signs/symptoms
what surgery is performed for treatment of prostate cancer? - ANSWER: radical prostatectomy
what does the prostate produce (2)? - ANSWER: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid
phosphatase
where is prostatic acid phosphatase found? - ANSWER: in seminal fluid
, what is the major role of the prostate? - ANSWER: secretes fluid which combines with semen to
increase sperm motility and decrease vaginal acidity
complete the sentence: nearly all men over ______ have some sort of prostate _______ - ANSWER:
50; enlargement
what is the assumed etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? - ANSWER: testosterone is
converted to DTH and estradiol, DTH is used in prostate growth; this DTH and estrogen accumulate
over time and may cause cellular proliferation
what are the clinical manifestations of BPH? what are these manifestations related to? - ANSWER:
urinary frequency, urinary retention, nocturia, hesitancy, incontinence; related to urethral obstruction
what can a complete obstruction in BPH cause? what can it progress to? - ANSWER: complete
obstruction is the inability to urinate; it can progress to renal failure/death
what diagnostic tests are used for BPH? - ANSWER: H&P, physical exam, rectal exam, lab tests (PSA
level), biopsy, urodynamic tests
what are the possible treatments for BPH? - ANSWER: medications, hormone blockers (testosterone),
surgery
what does a testosterone blocker result in, in BPH? - ANSWER: prostate atrophy
the precision medicine initiative states that the time is now; what three factors make this true? -
ANSWER: sequencing of the human genome, improved technology for biomedical analysis and new
tools for using large datasets
complete the sentence: ___ out of 10 leading causes of death in the US can be traced to a gene in the
body? - ANSWER: 9 out of 10
how many chromosomes do we have? how many from mom, how many from dad? what chart shows
the pairs of chromosomes? - ANSWER: 46 chromosomes; 23 from the father and 23 from the mother;
karyotype chart
complete the sentence: if you are heterozygous for a recessive trait and do not show it, you are a
_________ - ANSWER: carrier
what is complete dominance, or epistasis? - ANSWER: when one gene masks the effect of another
what is incomplete dominance? - ANSWER: two genes together create a new phenotype
true or false: if a gene is induced where it should be repressed, the result can be injury to the tissue? -
ANSWER: true; while each chromosome contains the same genetic material ,the same genes are not
activated in every cell
describe the difference between traditional genetics and epigenetics - ANSWER: traditional genetics
describes the way the DNA sequences in our genes are passed from one generation to the next;
epigenetics describes passing on the way genes are used
what are the types of single genetic mutations (5)? - ANSWER: deletion, duplication, inversion,
insertion and translocation
what type of single gene inheritance is huntington disease? briefly describe the disorder - ANSWER:
autosomal dominant; progressive neurological disorder caused by the degeneration of the basal
ganglia and cortical regions of the brain
1st Edition (Sorenson, 2019), Chapter 1-53 | 9780133414783 |
All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
what is the most common age group for men with testicular cancer? - ANSWER: 20-40 years old
While the etiology of testicular cancer is unknown, which chromosomal alteration may be implicated?
- ANSWER: chromosome 14
what is the major risk factor for development of testicular cancer? how much does it increase the
risk? - ANSWER: cryptorchidism; 20-40 times more likely to develop testicular cancer
what are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer? - ANSWER: Small painless testicular mass,
slight enlargement of testicle, heaviness or enlargement of scrotum, mild testicular discomfort
What diagnostic tests are used for testicular cancer? - ANSWER: self-testicular exam, surgery, tumor
marker, imaging studies
how often should a man conduct a self-testicular exam? - ANSWER: monthly
what are treatment options for testicular cancer? - ANSWER: surgical removal of the tumor and
affected testes, radiation, chemotherapy
complete the sentence: prostate cancer is the _____ leading cause of cancer death in men,
predominantly in ____________ men - ANSWER: 2nd; older
what are the risk factors for prostate cancer? - ANSWER: family history, black race, genetics, smoking,
nutritional factors (high fat, meat), hormones (androgen & estrogen support prostate growth)
where are clinical manifestations of prostate cancer found? what does benign enlargement feel like?
what does malignancy feel like? - ANSWER: on rectal exam; benign enlargement is soft; malignant is
hard, asymmetrical and cobblestone texture
when do the clinical manifestations of prostate cancer appear? what other condition do the signs and
symptoms mimic? - ANSWER: appear when urethra becomes obstructed; same signs and symptoms
as BPH
what diagnostic tools are used for prostate cancer? - ANSWER: rectal exam, ultrasound, PSA levels,
diagnosis confirmed with tissue biopsy
what treatment options are available for prostate cancer? - ANSWER: surgery, radiation,
chemotherapy, androgen-deprivation hormone
what is watchful waiting, in reference to prostate cancer? - ANSWER: 6 month - 1 year check up that
occurs when a patient has no signs/symptoms
what surgery is performed for treatment of prostate cancer? - ANSWER: radical prostatectomy
what does the prostate produce (2)? - ANSWER: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid
phosphatase
where is prostatic acid phosphatase found? - ANSWER: in seminal fluid
, what is the major role of the prostate? - ANSWER: secretes fluid which combines with semen to
increase sperm motility and decrease vaginal acidity
complete the sentence: nearly all men over ______ have some sort of prostate _______ - ANSWER:
50; enlargement
what is the assumed etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? - ANSWER: testosterone is
converted to DTH and estradiol, DTH is used in prostate growth; this DTH and estrogen accumulate
over time and may cause cellular proliferation
what are the clinical manifestations of BPH? what are these manifestations related to? - ANSWER:
urinary frequency, urinary retention, nocturia, hesitancy, incontinence; related to urethral obstruction
what can a complete obstruction in BPH cause? what can it progress to? - ANSWER: complete
obstruction is the inability to urinate; it can progress to renal failure/death
what diagnostic tests are used for BPH? - ANSWER: H&P, physical exam, rectal exam, lab tests (PSA
level), biopsy, urodynamic tests
what are the possible treatments for BPH? - ANSWER: medications, hormone blockers (testosterone),
surgery
what does a testosterone blocker result in, in BPH? - ANSWER: prostate atrophy
the precision medicine initiative states that the time is now; what three factors make this true? -
ANSWER: sequencing of the human genome, improved technology for biomedical analysis and new
tools for using large datasets
complete the sentence: ___ out of 10 leading causes of death in the US can be traced to a gene in the
body? - ANSWER: 9 out of 10
how many chromosomes do we have? how many from mom, how many from dad? what chart shows
the pairs of chromosomes? - ANSWER: 46 chromosomes; 23 from the father and 23 from the mother;
karyotype chart
complete the sentence: if you are heterozygous for a recessive trait and do not show it, you are a
_________ - ANSWER: carrier
what is complete dominance, or epistasis? - ANSWER: when one gene masks the effect of another
what is incomplete dominance? - ANSWER: two genes together create a new phenotype
true or false: if a gene is induced where it should be repressed, the result can be injury to the tissue? -
ANSWER: true; while each chromosome contains the same genetic material ,the same genes are not
activated in every cell
describe the difference between traditional genetics and epigenetics - ANSWER: traditional genetics
describes the way the DNA sequences in our genes are passed from one generation to the next;
epigenetics describes passing on the way genes are used
what are the types of single genetic mutations (5)? - ANSWER: deletion, duplication, inversion,
insertion and translocation
what type of single gene inheritance is huntington disease? briefly describe the disorder - ANSWER:
autosomal dominant; progressive neurological disorder caused by the degeneration of the basal
ganglia and cortical regions of the brain
