Test Bank For Pathophysiology Concepts of Human Disease,
1st Edition (Sorenson, 2019), Chapter 1-53 | 9780133414783 |
All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
Of the 4 types of cellular adaptation to stress, which is most likely to occur with decreased workload
or inadequate nutrition?
-metaplasia
-hypertrophy
-hyperplasia
-atrophy - ANSWER: atrophy
Which of the following types of cellular adaptations is most likely to occur as a compensation to
partial resection of the liver?
-atrophy
-metaplasia
-hyperplasia
-hypertrophy - ANSWER: hyperplasia
Barrett's Esophagus is an example of reversible change called ____; It is a result of chronic __.
-hypertrophy; esophageal cancer
-hyperplasia, aspirin intake
-atrophy; gastritis
-metaplasia, acid reflux disease - ANSWER: metaplasia; acid reflux disease
Loss of energy for metabolic processes after cellular injury is one cause of cell death, and is often
caused by:
-cell membrane permeability changes
-influx of calcium
-accumulated DNA damage
-damage to mitochondria - ANSWER: damage to mitochondria
When a cell undergoes total ischemia, the first effect is a rapid decrease in cell ____; after 4-12 hours,
changes to the cell become visible to ___.
-homeostasis; electron microscopy
-function; lightmicroscopy
-visibility; the naked eye - ANSWER: function;lightmicroscopy
When ATP is depleted in a cell, is it more likely to swell and burst, or shrink and consume it's own
organelles?
-shrink and consume organelles
-swell and burst - ANSWER: swell and burst
In question #6, which of the following is responsible for most of the changes in cell volume leading to
cell death?
-loss of protein from inside the cell
-dehydration
-decreased Na pump function
-endoplasmic reticulum swelling - ANSWER: decreased Na pump function
Regardless of whether the apoptatic pathway of cell death is initiated intrinsically or extrinsically, the
"executioner" enzymes are known as ____.
--phagocytes
-caspases
-lysozymes
, -T killer cells - ANSWER: caspases
When a cell undergoes subcellular alterations, it often reduces it's size and gets rid of some of it's
components via _.
-metaplasia
-macrophagocytosis
-waste vesicle formation and release
-autophagy - ANSWER: autophagy
The necrotic pathway that leads to digestion of tissue by leukocytes is likely caused by ____; It results
in the formation of ____.
-phagocytosis; infarcts in solid organs
-bacterial infection; pus
-tuberculosis; cheese
-loss of blood flow; gangrene - ANSWER: bacterial infection; pus
The response of vascularized tissue to infection or damage that attract WBCs and Cytokines to the site
from the blood vessels to eliminate the cause is:
-functio laesa
-mediation
-resolution
-inflammation - ANSWER: inflammation
Which of the following cardinal signs of Inflammation is NOT matched with it's definition?
-rubor:redness
-calor:heat
-functio laesa: loss of function
-dolor:pain
-tumor: foreign body - ANSWER: tumor: foreign body
What is the first step in the Inflammatory response?
-recognition of inflammatory agent
-regulation of response
-removal of agent
-resolution
-recruitment of leukocytes - ANSWER: recognition of inflammatory agent
True or false: the first events in acute inflammation involve local changes in blood vessel size and
permeability.
-true
-false - ANSWER: true
This image represents the normal blood flow into and out of a capillary bed. During inflammation,
these vessels dilate. Click on the section of the vessel that experiences the LEAST amount of dilation
during an acute inflammatory response, causing increased edema.
-b (venule)
-a(arteriole) - ANSWER: b
Which of the following substances are mediators of inflammation?
-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
-reactive oxygen species (ROS)
-histamine
-all are mediators
-nitric oxide (NO)
-prostaglandins - ANSWER: all are mediators
1st Edition (Sorenson, 2019), Chapter 1-53 | 9780133414783 |
All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
Of the 4 types of cellular adaptation to stress, which is most likely to occur with decreased workload
or inadequate nutrition?
-metaplasia
-hypertrophy
-hyperplasia
-atrophy - ANSWER: atrophy
Which of the following types of cellular adaptations is most likely to occur as a compensation to
partial resection of the liver?
-atrophy
-metaplasia
-hyperplasia
-hypertrophy - ANSWER: hyperplasia
Barrett's Esophagus is an example of reversible change called ____; It is a result of chronic __.
-hypertrophy; esophageal cancer
-hyperplasia, aspirin intake
-atrophy; gastritis
-metaplasia, acid reflux disease - ANSWER: metaplasia; acid reflux disease
Loss of energy for metabolic processes after cellular injury is one cause of cell death, and is often
caused by:
-cell membrane permeability changes
-influx of calcium
-accumulated DNA damage
-damage to mitochondria - ANSWER: damage to mitochondria
When a cell undergoes total ischemia, the first effect is a rapid decrease in cell ____; after 4-12 hours,
changes to the cell become visible to ___.
-homeostasis; electron microscopy
-function; lightmicroscopy
-visibility; the naked eye - ANSWER: function;lightmicroscopy
When ATP is depleted in a cell, is it more likely to swell and burst, or shrink and consume it's own
organelles?
-shrink and consume organelles
-swell and burst - ANSWER: swell and burst
In question #6, which of the following is responsible for most of the changes in cell volume leading to
cell death?
-loss of protein from inside the cell
-dehydration
-decreased Na pump function
-endoplasmic reticulum swelling - ANSWER: decreased Na pump function
Regardless of whether the apoptatic pathway of cell death is initiated intrinsically or extrinsically, the
"executioner" enzymes are known as ____.
--phagocytes
-caspases
-lysozymes
, -T killer cells - ANSWER: caspases
When a cell undergoes subcellular alterations, it often reduces it's size and gets rid of some of it's
components via _.
-metaplasia
-macrophagocytosis
-waste vesicle formation and release
-autophagy - ANSWER: autophagy
The necrotic pathway that leads to digestion of tissue by leukocytes is likely caused by ____; It results
in the formation of ____.
-phagocytosis; infarcts in solid organs
-bacterial infection; pus
-tuberculosis; cheese
-loss of blood flow; gangrene - ANSWER: bacterial infection; pus
The response of vascularized tissue to infection or damage that attract WBCs and Cytokines to the site
from the blood vessels to eliminate the cause is:
-functio laesa
-mediation
-resolution
-inflammation - ANSWER: inflammation
Which of the following cardinal signs of Inflammation is NOT matched with it's definition?
-rubor:redness
-calor:heat
-functio laesa: loss of function
-dolor:pain
-tumor: foreign body - ANSWER: tumor: foreign body
What is the first step in the Inflammatory response?
-recognition of inflammatory agent
-regulation of response
-removal of agent
-resolution
-recruitment of leukocytes - ANSWER: recognition of inflammatory agent
True or false: the first events in acute inflammation involve local changes in blood vessel size and
permeability.
-true
-false - ANSWER: true
This image represents the normal blood flow into and out of a capillary bed. During inflammation,
these vessels dilate. Click on the section of the vessel that experiences the LEAST amount of dilation
during an acute inflammatory response, causing increased edema.
-b (venule)
-a(arteriole) - ANSWER: b
Which of the following substances are mediators of inflammation?
-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
-reactive oxygen species (ROS)
-histamine
-all are mediators
-nitric oxide (NO)
-prostaglandins - ANSWER: all are mediators
