Test Bank For Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th Edition
Morrison Valfre | 9780323810296 | All Chapters with Answers
and Rationals
A male client who has a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is seen in the emergency
department with complaints of chest pain, shortness of breath, and inability to concentrate, along
with feelings of overwhelming anxiety. The nurse uses Maslow's theory to triage the client's
complaints, knowing that which complaint must be addressed first?
A. Chest pain
B. Shortness of breath
C. Inability to concentrate
D. Overwhelming anxiety - ANSWER: A. Chest Pain
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the nurse first must address shortness of breath, followed
by chest pain, and then feelings of overwhelming anxiety and inability to concentrate. Even though,
based on his diagnostic history, this client may be having a panic attack, the nurse cannot ignore basic
needs that are not being met first.
According to Freud's theory, a baby who is crying in response to wanting to be held by his mother is
an example of which part of the personality's control over behavior?
A.Self-control
B. Superego
C. Ego
D. Id - ANSWER: D. Id
According to Freud, the Id is the pleasure center of the brain that seeks immediate pleasure or avoids
pain, without regard for possible outcomes. The ego is reality based and has more control than the id;
the superego is not developed in early childhood because it includes a conscience. Self-control is not a
component of Freud's theory of personality.
According to the theorist Erik Erikson, an individual strives to actualize his identity, is most productive,
and demonstrates guidance of and concern for others with a core task of caring during which stage of
psychosocial development?
A.Middle adulthood (25 to 65 years)
B.Young adulthood (18 to 25 years)
C. Puberty (12 to 18 years)
D. Maturity (65 years to death) - ANSWER: A. Middle adulthood (25 to 65 years)
The characteristics of striving to actualize identity, being most productive, and demonstrating
guidance of and concern for others, according to Erikson, are seen during middle adulthood.
Individuals who do not achieve the core task of caring become stagnant, self-indulgent, and absorbed
in themselves. The core task of young adulthood is love; the core task of maturity is wisdom; and the
core task of puberty is fidelity.
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development identifies an interrelationship between the __________
and the __________ functions in the development of one's personality.
A. Id, ego
B. Intellectual, emotional
C. Anxiety, affective
D. Personified, cognitive - ANSWER: B. Intellectual, emotional
Piaget believed that growth and development occurred as a result of the interrelationship between
intellectual (cognitive) and emotional (affective) development. The id and the ego are part of Freud's
beliefs regarding personality development. Anxiety is a vague feeling of uneasiness. Personification is
, a term developed by the theorist Sullivan to describe distorted images of certain relationships that
occur in development of the personality.
A 4-year-old client in a pediatric unit is imitating the actions of the nurse. The nurse knows, according
to Erik Erikson's theory, that this child is displaying a characteristic seen during which developmental
stage?
A.Latency
B. Anal-muscular
C.Genital-locomotor
D. Oral-sensory - ANSWER: C. Genital-locomotor
The genital-locomotor stage (preschool years) is characterized by exploration of the environment,
cooperative play, fantasy, and imitation of adults. Initiative and guilt are core tasks of this stage. The
latency stage occurs during the school-age years (6 to 12 years old), the oral-sensory stage occurs
from birth to 1 year of age, and the anal-muscular stage occurs during early childhood.
Humanistic theories are important to health care because these theories serve as the foundation for
the concept of:
A. Behaviorism
B. Behavior modification
C. Assertiveness training
D. Holistic care - ANSWER: D. Holistic care
Humanistic theories emphasize the total person, which serves as the basis of holistic care.
Assertiveness training refers to teaching a person to express his needs in nonaggressive ways.
Behaviorism is the belief that all behavior is learned, and behavior modification is a therapy that
teaches clients new behaviors that can be used to replace dysfunctional behavior.
During a conversation with a male client, he voices that he really appreciates his family, likes his job,
and enjoys groups in which he volunteers. According to Maslow's theory, what is this client
experiencing?
A.Equilibrium
B.Symbolization
C.Identification
D.Self-actualization - ANSWER: D. Self-actualization
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person is said to have reached the highest human need of
self-actualization when all basic needs are met, the individual is self-directed, and the individual has
reached the highest potential. Symbolization and identification are common defense mechanisms,
and equilibrium is a state wherein all body systems are in balance.
During group therapy, certain group change mechanisms may be observed. When an individual
engages in helping others, resulting in improvement in his or her own self-esteem, which group
change mechanism has the individual experienced?
A. Communion
B. Feedback
C. Expressiveness
D. Altruism - ANSWER: D. Altruism
Altruism occurs when not only recipients benefit from assistance, but the individual who is giving
assistance also benefits through improvement in his own self-esteem. Feedback refers to receipt of
information about how one is perceived by others. Expressiveness is a group change
A client is granted permission to watch a favorite television show in the evening because she
participated in an occupational therapy activity. Her therapist bases this on ______ theory.
A. Behavioral
Morrison Valfre | 9780323810296 | All Chapters with Answers
and Rationals
A male client who has a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is seen in the emergency
department with complaints of chest pain, shortness of breath, and inability to concentrate, along
with feelings of overwhelming anxiety. The nurse uses Maslow's theory to triage the client's
complaints, knowing that which complaint must be addressed first?
A. Chest pain
B. Shortness of breath
C. Inability to concentrate
D. Overwhelming anxiety - ANSWER: A. Chest Pain
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the nurse first must address shortness of breath, followed
by chest pain, and then feelings of overwhelming anxiety and inability to concentrate. Even though,
based on his diagnostic history, this client may be having a panic attack, the nurse cannot ignore basic
needs that are not being met first.
According to Freud's theory, a baby who is crying in response to wanting to be held by his mother is
an example of which part of the personality's control over behavior?
A.Self-control
B. Superego
C. Ego
D. Id - ANSWER: D. Id
According to Freud, the Id is the pleasure center of the brain that seeks immediate pleasure or avoids
pain, without regard for possible outcomes. The ego is reality based and has more control than the id;
the superego is not developed in early childhood because it includes a conscience. Self-control is not a
component of Freud's theory of personality.
According to the theorist Erik Erikson, an individual strives to actualize his identity, is most productive,
and demonstrates guidance of and concern for others with a core task of caring during which stage of
psychosocial development?
A.Middle adulthood (25 to 65 years)
B.Young adulthood (18 to 25 years)
C. Puberty (12 to 18 years)
D. Maturity (65 years to death) - ANSWER: A. Middle adulthood (25 to 65 years)
The characteristics of striving to actualize identity, being most productive, and demonstrating
guidance of and concern for others, according to Erikson, are seen during middle adulthood.
Individuals who do not achieve the core task of caring become stagnant, self-indulgent, and absorbed
in themselves. The core task of young adulthood is love; the core task of maturity is wisdom; and the
core task of puberty is fidelity.
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development identifies an interrelationship between the __________
and the __________ functions in the development of one's personality.
A. Id, ego
B. Intellectual, emotional
C. Anxiety, affective
D. Personified, cognitive - ANSWER: B. Intellectual, emotional
Piaget believed that growth and development occurred as a result of the interrelationship between
intellectual (cognitive) and emotional (affective) development. The id and the ego are part of Freud's
beliefs regarding personality development. Anxiety is a vague feeling of uneasiness. Personification is
, a term developed by the theorist Sullivan to describe distorted images of certain relationships that
occur in development of the personality.
A 4-year-old client in a pediatric unit is imitating the actions of the nurse. The nurse knows, according
to Erik Erikson's theory, that this child is displaying a characteristic seen during which developmental
stage?
A.Latency
B. Anal-muscular
C.Genital-locomotor
D. Oral-sensory - ANSWER: C. Genital-locomotor
The genital-locomotor stage (preschool years) is characterized by exploration of the environment,
cooperative play, fantasy, and imitation of adults. Initiative and guilt are core tasks of this stage. The
latency stage occurs during the school-age years (6 to 12 years old), the oral-sensory stage occurs
from birth to 1 year of age, and the anal-muscular stage occurs during early childhood.
Humanistic theories are important to health care because these theories serve as the foundation for
the concept of:
A. Behaviorism
B. Behavior modification
C. Assertiveness training
D. Holistic care - ANSWER: D. Holistic care
Humanistic theories emphasize the total person, which serves as the basis of holistic care.
Assertiveness training refers to teaching a person to express his needs in nonaggressive ways.
Behaviorism is the belief that all behavior is learned, and behavior modification is a therapy that
teaches clients new behaviors that can be used to replace dysfunctional behavior.
During a conversation with a male client, he voices that he really appreciates his family, likes his job,
and enjoys groups in which he volunteers. According to Maslow's theory, what is this client
experiencing?
A.Equilibrium
B.Symbolization
C.Identification
D.Self-actualization - ANSWER: D. Self-actualization
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person is said to have reached the highest human need of
self-actualization when all basic needs are met, the individual is self-directed, and the individual has
reached the highest potential. Symbolization and identification are common defense mechanisms,
and equilibrium is a state wherein all body systems are in balance.
During group therapy, certain group change mechanisms may be observed. When an individual
engages in helping others, resulting in improvement in his or her own self-esteem, which group
change mechanism has the individual experienced?
A. Communion
B. Feedback
C. Expressiveness
D. Altruism - ANSWER: D. Altruism
Altruism occurs when not only recipients benefit from assistance, but the individual who is giving
assistance also benefits through improvement in his own self-esteem. Feedback refers to receipt of
information about how one is perceived by others. Expressiveness is a group change
A client is granted permission to watch a favorite television show in the evening because she
participated in an occupational therapy activity. Her therapist bases this on ______ theory.
A. Behavioral
