Sociology Data Analysis Final Questions and Answers 2024
When would you use a crosstab with a chi-square statistic? ** Answ** An inferential
statistical technique designed to test for significant relationships between 2 nominal or
ordinal variables organized in a bivariate table
What is the formula for chi-square? ** Answ** (O-E)^2/E
When doing a cross-tab with a chi-square, what is the null hypothesis and what is the
research hypothesis? ** Answ** The Research Hypothesis (H1)
Proposes that the 2 variables are related in the population
The Null Hypothesis (H0)
States that no association exists between the 2 cross-tabulated variables in the
population, therefore the variables are statistically independent
H1: Gender and 1st generational college status are statistically dependent (or are
related)
H0: Gender and 1st generation college status are statistically independent (not related)
What are the expected frequencies? What are the observed? How are these two related
to the formula for chi-square? ** Answ** Expected Frequencies (fe): the cell
frequencies that would be expected in a bivariate table if the two variables were
statistically independent
Observed Frequencies (fo): the cell frequencies actually observed on the table
What is the role of the degrees of freedom in calculating a chi-square? ** Answ** As
the degrees of freedom get larger the chi-square distribution gets more symmetrical
What can a cross tabulation with a chi-square tell you about two variables? ** Answ**
The test determines whether or not the two variables are independent
How do you set up a chi-square crosstab table? What goes in row and what goes in
column? What % do you report? ** Answ** IV: Column (Up/Down)
DV: Row (Left/Right)
Percent is the total DV divided by the total in the sample.
How do you interpret the chi-square statistic? ** Answ** Look at the p-value, if it is
less than our .05 cutoff, it is significant.
What are the assumptions in hypothesis testing with crosstabs? ** Answ** Requires
no assumptions about the shape of the population distribution from which the sample
was drawn
Assumes random sampling
It can be applied to variables at a nominal and/or ordinal level of measurement
When would you use a crosstab with a chi-square statistic? ** Answ** An inferential
statistical technique designed to test for significant relationships between 2 nominal or
ordinal variables organized in a bivariate table
What is the formula for chi-square? ** Answ** (O-E)^2/E
When doing a cross-tab with a chi-square, what is the null hypothesis and what is the
research hypothesis? ** Answ** The Research Hypothesis (H1)
Proposes that the 2 variables are related in the population
The Null Hypothesis (H0)
States that no association exists between the 2 cross-tabulated variables in the
population, therefore the variables are statistically independent
H1: Gender and 1st generational college status are statistically dependent (or are
related)
H0: Gender and 1st generation college status are statistically independent (not related)
What are the expected frequencies? What are the observed? How are these two related
to the formula for chi-square? ** Answ** Expected Frequencies (fe): the cell
frequencies that would be expected in a bivariate table if the two variables were
statistically independent
Observed Frequencies (fo): the cell frequencies actually observed on the table
What is the role of the degrees of freedom in calculating a chi-square? ** Answ** As
the degrees of freedom get larger the chi-square distribution gets more symmetrical
What can a cross tabulation with a chi-square tell you about two variables? ** Answ**
The test determines whether or not the two variables are independent
How do you set up a chi-square crosstab table? What goes in row and what goes in
column? What % do you report? ** Answ** IV: Column (Up/Down)
DV: Row (Left/Right)
Percent is the total DV divided by the total in the sample.
How do you interpret the chi-square statistic? ** Answ** Look at the p-value, if it is
less than our .05 cutoff, it is significant.
What are the assumptions in hypothesis testing with crosstabs? ** Answ** Requires
no assumptions about the shape of the population distribution from which the sample
was drawn
Assumes random sampling
It can be applied to variables at a nominal and/or ordinal level of measurement
