Biochem exam 4
When excess acetyl CoA accumulates in the liver, a pathway called _________ is
initiated.
a. emulsification
b. glycolysis
c. transamination
d. gluconeogenesis
e. ketogenesis - ANSWER: e. ketogenesis
The regulatory enzymes in gluconeogenesis are
a. hexokinase, phosphofructokinase & pyruvate kinase
b. glucose-6-kinase, aldolase, & enolase
c. fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase & pyruvate carboxylase
d. pyruvate carboxylase, aldolase & phosphofructokinase
e. fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase & phosphofructokinase - ANSWER: c. fructose-1,6-
bisphosphatase & pyruvate carboxylase
The activation of hormone sensitive lipase by glucagon involves the consumption of
ATP. Which two enzymes involved in this regulation utilize ATP as a substrate?
a. hexokinase and pyruvate kinase
b. adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A
c. citrate synthase and ATPase
d. F0 and F1
e. acyl-CoA ligase and lipokinase - ANSWER: b.adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A
_________high energy phosphate bonds are needed to synthesize one glucose
molecules from two pyruvate molecules?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
e. 8 - ANSWER: d. 6
"Ketone Bodies" is a term referring to a group of compounds which includes all of the
following EXCEPT
a. acetone
b. acetoacetate
c. Beta-hydroxybutarate
d. acetyl-CoA
e. All are ketone bodies - ANSWER: d. acetyl-CoA
,In Type I diabetes mellitus,
a. the birth of a baby restores normal pancreatic function
b. glucose intake is too low
c. the pancreas produces insufficient insulin
d. blood glucose levels are too low
e. sufficient insulin is produced, but the receptor is non-functional - ANSWER: d. blood
glucose levels are too low
How many molecules of ATP are obtained for each two carbon acetate ion that enters
the final common pathway?
a. 8
b. 9
c. 10
d. 11
e. 12 - ANSWER: c. 10
Which of the following is the pathway used by cells to obtain energy from fatty acids?
a. alpha-oxidation
b. alpha-reduction
c. beta-oxidation
d. beta-reduction
e. gamma-oxidation - ANSWER: c. beta-oxidation
The NADH produced during glycolysis
a. is produced in the cytoplasm and can be used directly in Electron Transport/Oxidative
Phosphorylation
b. is produced in the mitochondria and can be used directly in the Electron
Transport/Oxidative Phosphorylation
c. is produced in the cytoplasm and cannot be used directly by oxidative
phosphorylation since it occurs in the mitochondria
d. is produced in the mitochondria and cannot be used directly by oxidative
phosphorylation since it occurs in the cytoplasm
e. none of the above are true - ANSWER: c. is produced in the cytoplasm and cannot
be used directly by oxidative phosphorylation since it occurs in the mitochondria
The action of (fatty) acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and FAD on the fatty acid results in which
of the following?
a. formation of a cis-double bond between the alpha and beta carbon atoms
b. formation of a trans-double bond between the alpha and beta carbon atoms
c. addition of water across the a-b double bond
d. oxidation of the hydroxyl group on the beta-carbon
e. elimination of a C2 fragment as acetyl-CoA - ANSWER: b. formation of a trans-
double bond between the alpha and beta carbon atoms
What substance is secreted by the gallbladder in response to the presence of fat
globules in the duodenum?
, a. insulin
b. bile
c. hydrochloric acid
d. beta-oxidase
e. glucagon - ANSWER: b. bile
During the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, the iron-sulfur proteins,
a. the protein complex is either oxidized or reduced
b. oxygen is carried to water
c. the sulfur is the element that carries the electrons
d. alternate between the Fe+2 and Fe+3 state
e. FAD is carried to coenzyme Q - ANSWER: d. alternate between the Fe+2 and Fe+3
state
Activated fatty acids (fatty acyl-CoA's) cannot cross into the mitochondrial matrix until
a. the mitochondrial membrane undergoes a modification
b. they are transferred to a carrier molecule called carnitine
c. they are cut into 2-carbon segments
d. the citric acid cycle has begun
e. beta-oxidation has taken place - ANSWER: b. they are transferred to a carrier
molecule called carnitine
The pentose phosphate pathway is controlled by the ratio of
a. NAD/NADH
b. glucose/glucose-6-phosphate
c. FAD/FADH2
d. ribose/ribose-5-phosphate
e. NADP/NADPH - ANSWER: e. NADP/NADPH
In glycogenolysis, which enzyme is responsible for releasing the glucose molecule
attached at a branch point?
a. glycogen phosphorylase
b. phosphoglucomutase
c. debranching enzyme
d. branching enzyme
e. glycogen synthase - ANSWER: c. debranching enzyme
In a fatty acid which carbon atom is the beta-carbon?
a. carbon 2
b. carbon 3
c. carbon 4
d. the penultimate carbon
e. the last carbon - ANSWER: b. carbon 3
Within complex I of the electron transport chain, the following reaction occurs:
FMNH2 + 2 Fe3+S-Protein --> FMN + 2Fe2+S-Protein + 2 H+
When excess acetyl CoA accumulates in the liver, a pathway called _________ is
initiated.
a. emulsification
b. glycolysis
c. transamination
d. gluconeogenesis
e. ketogenesis - ANSWER: e. ketogenesis
The regulatory enzymes in gluconeogenesis are
a. hexokinase, phosphofructokinase & pyruvate kinase
b. glucose-6-kinase, aldolase, & enolase
c. fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase & pyruvate carboxylase
d. pyruvate carboxylase, aldolase & phosphofructokinase
e. fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase & phosphofructokinase - ANSWER: c. fructose-1,6-
bisphosphatase & pyruvate carboxylase
The activation of hormone sensitive lipase by glucagon involves the consumption of
ATP. Which two enzymes involved in this regulation utilize ATP as a substrate?
a. hexokinase and pyruvate kinase
b. adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A
c. citrate synthase and ATPase
d. F0 and F1
e. acyl-CoA ligase and lipokinase - ANSWER: b.adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A
_________high energy phosphate bonds are needed to synthesize one glucose
molecules from two pyruvate molecules?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
e. 8 - ANSWER: d. 6
"Ketone Bodies" is a term referring to a group of compounds which includes all of the
following EXCEPT
a. acetone
b. acetoacetate
c. Beta-hydroxybutarate
d. acetyl-CoA
e. All are ketone bodies - ANSWER: d. acetyl-CoA
,In Type I diabetes mellitus,
a. the birth of a baby restores normal pancreatic function
b. glucose intake is too low
c. the pancreas produces insufficient insulin
d. blood glucose levels are too low
e. sufficient insulin is produced, but the receptor is non-functional - ANSWER: d. blood
glucose levels are too low
How many molecules of ATP are obtained for each two carbon acetate ion that enters
the final common pathway?
a. 8
b. 9
c. 10
d. 11
e. 12 - ANSWER: c. 10
Which of the following is the pathway used by cells to obtain energy from fatty acids?
a. alpha-oxidation
b. alpha-reduction
c. beta-oxidation
d. beta-reduction
e. gamma-oxidation - ANSWER: c. beta-oxidation
The NADH produced during glycolysis
a. is produced in the cytoplasm and can be used directly in Electron Transport/Oxidative
Phosphorylation
b. is produced in the mitochondria and can be used directly in the Electron
Transport/Oxidative Phosphorylation
c. is produced in the cytoplasm and cannot be used directly by oxidative
phosphorylation since it occurs in the mitochondria
d. is produced in the mitochondria and cannot be used directly by oxidative
phosphorylation since it occurs in the cytoplasm
e. none of the above are true - ANSWER: c. is produced in the cytoplasm and cannot
be used directly by oxidative phosphorylation since it occurs in the mitochondria
The action of (fatty) acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and FAD on the fatty acid results in which
of the following?
a. formation of a cis-double bond between the alpha and beta carbon atoms
b. formation of a trans-double bond between the alpha and beta carbon atoms
c. addition of water across the a-b double bond
d. oxidation of the hydroxyl group on the beta-carbon
e. elimination of a C2 fragment as acetyl-CoA - ANSWER: b. formation of a trans-
double bond between the alpha and beta carbon atoms
What substance is secreted by the gallbladder in response to the presence of fat
globules in the duodenum?
, a. insulin
b. bile
c. hydrochloric acid
d. beta-oxidase
e. glucagon - ANSWER: b. bile
During the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, the iron-sulfur proteins,
a. the protein complex is either oxidized or reduced
b. oxygen is carried to water
c. the sulfur is the element that carries the electrons
d. alternate between the Fe+2 and Fe+3 state
e. FAD is carried to coenzyme Q - ANSWER: d. alternate between the Fe+2 and Fe+3
state
Activated fatty acids (fatty acyl-CoA's) cannot cross into the mitochondrial matrix until
a. the mitochondrial membrane undergoes a modification
b. they are transferred to a carrier molecule called carnitine
c. they are cut into 2-carbon segments
d. the citric acid cycle has begun
e. beta-oxidation has taken place - ANSWER: b. they are transferred to a carrier
molecule called carnitine
The pentose phosphate pathway is controlled by the ratio of
a. NAD/NADH
b. glucose/glucose-6-phosphate
c. FAD/FADH2
d. ribose/ribose-5-phosphate
e. NADP/NADPH - ANSWER: e. NADP/NADPH
In glycogenolysis, which enzyme is responsible for releasing the glucose molecule
attached at a branch point?
a. glycogen phosphorylase
b. phosphoglucomutase
c. debranching enzyme
d. branching enzyme
e. glycogen synthase - ANSWER: c. debranching enzyme
In a fatty acid which carbon atom is the beta-carbon?
a. carbon 2
b. carbon 3
c. carbon 4
d. the penultimate carbon
e. the last carbon - ANSWER: b. carbon 3
Within complex I of the electron transport chain, the following reaction occurs:
FMNH2 + 2 Fe3+S-Protein --> FMN + 2Fe2+S-Protein + 2 H+
