Biochem Exam Review
Cells and organisms need what to function - ANSWER: energy
What are the three categories of source of energy? - ANSWER: -carbohydrates
-proteins/amino acids
-fats/lipids
We do not recover energy from ____ or _____ - ANSWER: nucleotides or nucleic acids
Glycolysis is the conversion of ____ to _____ - ANSWER: glucose to pyruvate
What are the three types of fuel metabolism? - ANSWER: -carbohydrate metabolism
-amino acid metabolism for energy
-fatty acid metabolism (oxidation of fatty acids/lipids)
Energy can be obtained from ____ of amino acids - ANSWER: carbon skeletons
Some parts of amino acids break down into ____ ____ like acetone or acetoacetate -
ANSWER: ketone bodies
Pyruvate produced by glycolysis can go two different ways: - ANSWER: 1. by lactate
dehydrogenase
2. by pyruvate dehydrogenase to acetyl-coA
What process turns pyruvate into glucose - ANSWER: gluconeogenesis
What biosynthesis intermediates does the TCA cycle running backwards make? -
ANSWER: -citrate for FA synthesis
-alpha ketogluterate
-oxaloacetate for amino acid synthesis
Biosynthesis requires ____ for reductions. - ANSWER: NADPH
What does the PPP make? - ANSWER: NADPH and ribose-5P
What is the precursor for fatty acid synthesis - ANSWER: citrate
adding electrons leads to _____ - ANSWER: reductions
, What is the entry point to the TCA cycle - ANSWER: acetyl coA
Electrons are saved in reduced coenzymes to feed into the ___ ____ ____ - ANSWER:
electron transport pathway
the flow of electrons to oxygen releases energy that is captured in ---- - ANSWER: a
proton gradient to make ATP
What is the end product of fatty acid metabolism? - ANSWER: acetyl-coA
Amino acid metabolism - ANSWER: -energy obtained from carbon skeletons of amino
acids
-amino acids broken down and processed to obtain energy
-other parts of amino acids make pyruvate, acetyl-coA or TCA cycle intermediates
-during fasting muscle is broken down to get AA for energy
The flip side of energy extraction is - ANSWER: biosynthesis
The cytoplasm contains ___ producing organelles - ANSWER: protein
What does the cytoplasm contain? - ANSWER: -lysosomes
-golgi apparatus
-ribosomes
-ER
-mitochondria
-chloroplasts
What does the nucleus contain - ANSWER: DNA
RNA
nucleolus
ribosomes
Ribosomes are generated in the ____ and transported to _____ - ANSWER: nucleus;
cytoplasm
What are the functions of nucleus? - ANSWER: -control genetic info
-control protein and enzyme synthesis
-control cell division and growth
-store DNA, RNA, ribosomes
lysosomes are produced from the - ANSWER: golgi apparatus
Function of the nuclear envelope - ANSWER: rna transport
function of the RER - ANSWER: protein synthesis and transport
Cells and organisms need what to function - ANSWER: energy
What are the three categories of source of energy? - ANSWER: -carbohydrates
-proteins/amino acids
-fats/lipids
We do not recover energy from ____ or _____ - ANSWER: nucleotides or nucleic acids
Glycolysis is the conversion of ____ to _____ - ANSWER: glucose to pyruvate
What are the three types of fuel metabolism? - ANSWER: -carbohydrate metabolism
-amino acid metabolism for energy
-fatty acid metabolism (oxidation of fatty acids/lipids)
Energy can be obtained from ____ of amino acids - ANSWER: carbon skeletons
Some parts of amino acids break down into ____ ____ like acetone or acetoacetate -
ANSWER: ketone bodies
Pyruvate produced by glycolysis can go two different ways: - ANSWER: 1. by lactate
dehydrogenase
2. by pyruvate dehydrogenase to acetyl-coA
What process turns pyruvate into glucose - ANSWER: gluconeogenesis
What biosynthesis intermediates does the TCA cycle running backwards make? -
ANSWER: -citrate for FA synthesis
-alpha ketogluterate
-oxaloacetate for amino acid synthesis
Biosynthesis requires ____ for reductions. - ANSWER: NADPH
What does the PPP make? - ANSWER: NADPH and ribose-5P
What is the precursor for fatty acid synthesis - ANSWER: citrate
adding electrons leads to _____ - ANSWER: reductions
, What is the entry point to the TCA cycle - ANSWER: acetyl coA
Electrons are saved in reduced coenzymes to feed into the ___ ____ ____ - ANSWER:
electron transport pathway
the flow of electrons to oxygen releases energy that is captured in ---- - ANSWER: a
proton gradient to make ATP
What is the end product of fatty acid metabolism? - ANSWER: acetyl-coA
Amino acid metabolism - ANSWER: -energy obtained from carbon skeletons of amino
acids
-amino acids broken down and processed to obtain energy
-other parts of amino acids make pyruvate, acetyl-coA or TCA cycle intermediates
-during fasting muscle is broken down to get AA for energy
The flip side of energy extraction is - ANSWER: biosynthesis
The cytoplasm contains ___ producing organelles - ANSWER: protein
What does the cytoplasm contain? - ANSWER: -lysosomes
-golgi apparatus
-ribosomes
-ER
-mitochondria
-chloroplasts
What does the nucleus contain - ANSWER: DNA
RNA
nucleolus
ribosomes
Ribosomes are generated in the ____ and transported to _____ - ANSWER: nucleus;
cytoplasm
What are the functions of nucleus? - ANSWER: -control genetic info
-control protein and enzyme synthesis
-control cell division and growth
-store DNA, RNA, ribosomes
lysosomes are produced from the - ANSWER: golgi apparatus
Function of the nuclear envelope - ANSWER: rna transport
function of the RER - ANSWER: protein synthesis and transport
