BIOL 114 Exam 3 Study Guide.
Prokaryotes
Bacteria without a nucleus
Morphology
The study of the form and structure of organisms
Rod or bacillus
A prokaryotic cell shape that is cylindrical
Sphere or coccus
A prokaryotic cell shape that is spherical
Spiral or spirochete
A prokaryotic cell shape that is helical
Pleiomorphic
Having multiple shapes or forms
Comma-shaped or vibrio
A prokaryotic cell shape that is curved like a comma
Chains or strepto-
Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a chain-like structure
Clusters or staphylo-
Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a cluster-like structure
Cube or sarcina
Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a cube-like structure
Stacked or palisades
Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a stacked or fence-like structure
Gram staining
A staining technique used to classify bacteria into Gram-positive or Gram-negative
Positive have thick cell wall (peptidoglycan)
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall made of peptidoglycan
Negative have thin cell wall
, Gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall
Acid-fast have mycolic acid cell wall
Acid-fast bacteria have a cell wall containing mycolic acid
Capsule (greased pig)
A structure surrounding some bacteria that provides protection and adherence
Flagellum
A whip-like structure used for movement in bacteria
Fimbriae (Velcro)
Short, hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria used for attachment
Endospores (gram+ only) to survive harsh or unfavorable conditions
Dormant structures formed by some Gram-positive bacteria to survive harsh conditions
Archaea
Prokaryotes that live in extreme environments
Halophile
An organism that thrives in high salt concentrations
Thermophile
An organism that thrives in high temperatures
Methanogens
Archaea that produce methane as a byproduct of their metabolism
Protists
Eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, animals, or fungi
SAR
A supergroup of protists that includes stramenopiles, alveolates, and rhizarians
Stramenopiles - diatoms, brown algae
A group of protists that includes diatoms and brown algae
Alveolates - ciliated parasites
A group of protists that includes ciliated parasites
Rhizarians - like amoebas but grow a "shell"
A group of protists that are similar to amoebas but have a shell-like structure
Prokaryotes
Bacteria without a nucleus
Morphology
The study of the form and structure of organisms
Rod or bacillus
A prokaryotic cell shape that is cylindrical
Sphere or coccus
A prokaryotic cell shape that is spherical
Spiral or spirochete
A prokaryotic cell shape that is helical
Pleiomorphic
Having multiple shapes or forms
Comma-shaped or vibrio
A prokaryotic cell shape that is curved like a comma
Chains or strepto-
Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a chain-like structure
Clusters or staphylo-
Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a cluster-like structure
Cube or sarcina
Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a cube-like structure
Stacked or palisades
Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a stacked or fence-like structure
Gram staining
A staining technique used to classify bacteria into Gram-positive or Gram-negative
Positive have thick cell wall (peptidoglycan)
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall made of peptidoglycan
Negative have thin cell wall
, Gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall
Acid-fast have mycolic acid cell wall
Acid-fast bacteria have a cell wall containing mycolic acid
Capsule (greased pig)
A structure surrounding some bacteria that provides protection and adherence
Flagellum
A whip-like structure used for movement in bacteria
Fimbriae (Velcro)
Short, hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria used for attachment
Endospores (gram+ only) to survive harsh or unfavorable conditions
Dormant structures formed by some Gram-positive bacteria to survive harsh conditions
Archaea
Prokaryotes that live in extreme environments
Halophile
An organism that thrives in high salt concentrations
Thermophile
An organism that thrives in high temperatures
Methanogens
Archaea that produce methane as a byproduct of their metabolism
Protists
Eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, animals, or fungi
SAR
A supergroup of protists that includes stramenopiles, alveolates, and rhizarians
Stramenopiles - diatoms, brown algae
A group of protists that includes diatoms and brown algae
Alveolates - ciliated parasites
A group of protists that includes ciliated parasites
Rhizarians - like amoebas but grow a "shell"
A group of protists that are similar to amoebas but have a shell-like structure
