Bio 114 Final Exam Prep (Answered) 619 Questions
and Correct Answers With Verified Solution. 100%
Correct, Latest Updated Fall 2024/2025.
A ___ is a community along with its physical environment.
Ecosystem
By definition, a _____ consists of individuals of the same species that are living in the same area at the
same time.
Population
Parasitic relationships fall under the category of _____.
Consumption
If two species of birds are interacting, and both are experiencing a negative effect on fitness, which
type of interaction is occurring?
Competition
____ is defined as any change in allele frequency in a population that is due to change.
Genetic drift
Which of the above dies not tend to promote speciation?
Gene flow
New evidence suggests that the genetic diversity of the Alaskan gray wolf grew significantly after the
last ice age, when this population was no longer isolated from other populations. This in crease in
genetic diversity is most likely due to ______.
Gene flow
Populations adapt to changing environmental conditions as a result of ______.
Natural selection
A hurricane occurs near a nesting colony of seagulls, killing 98% of them. The surviving population
happens to have longer beaks, on average, than the initial population. If beak length is genetically
determined, what effect has the seagull population experienced from the hurricane.
Genetic drift
Natural selection occurs in a wide variety of patterns. Which of the following modes of selection
changes the average value of a trait?
Directional selection
,Which mode of natural selection is most likely to contribute to speciation?
Disruptive selection
Black-bellied seed crackers have either small beaks (better for eating soft seeds) or large beaks (better
for hard seeds). There are no seeds of intermediate hardness; therefore, which kind of selection acts
on beak size in seed crackers?
Disruptive selection
Most swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing fewer or more than
this have reduced fitness. Which of the terms best describes this situation?
Stabilizing selection
If NASA have you a sample of dust from Mars and asked you to determine whether the sample
contains evidence of life, which of the following would be most effective for you to do?
Use a microscope to observe whether the dust contains cellular structure
Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the distribution of species?
Predation, competition
Which of the following use solar energy or chemical energy contained in reduced inorganic
compounds to manufacture their own food?
Primary producers
A cow eating grass is an example of a ____.
Primary consumer
The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the community's ____.
Trophic structure
Which of the following has the greatest effect on the rate of chemical/nutrient cycling in an
ecosystem?
The rate of decomposition in the ecosystem
The recovery that follows a severe disturbance is called_____.
Succession
Why do moderate levels of disturbance result in an increase in species diversity?
Habitats are opened up for less competitive species
Under which of the following conditions would a population most likely experience exponential
growth?
Young populations with a few individuals
,The theory of evolution by natural selection states:
All species are descended from a common ancestor
The statement "various species of Galapagos finches are adapted to their particular habitats" means:
Different species have traits that increase fitness in a particular environment.
Which of the following is a modern definition of biological evolution?
Evolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population over time
In biology, an adaptation is defined as _____.
A heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment
If you say that a ground squirrels has greater evolutionary fitness than another ground squirrel in the
same population, you mean that the animal_____.
Has more offspring that survive and reproduce themselves
We categorized the different types of evidence for evolution as either demonstrating that species
changed over time, or that species were related by common ancestry. Of the three types of evidence
listed below, which are most directly associated with demonstrating that species change over time?
The fossil records
Direct observation
Which of the following most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth? All organisms
_____.
Use essentially the same genetic code
In evolutionary studies, it is important that data from independent sources agree in supporting
predictions made by a theory. What is this observation called?
Internal consistency
As scientists, we expect the fossil record to be sparse and potentially biased (for a variety of reasons).
Which of these is a valid critique of the general fossil record?
Paleontologists typically only find species that were widespread and/or present on the Earth for long
periods of time
The fossil record provided more information about ancient cockroaches than about recent walking
stick insects. This is likely an example of ______.
Temporal bias
Why do related species share homologous traits?
Related species inherited homologous traits from a common ancestor
Which is an example of a structural homology?
, Vertebrate forelimbs generally have the same number and a similar arrangement of bones
A ______ trait is one that has lost all or most of their original function in a species through evolution.
Vestigial
Genetic variation is the number and relative frequency of ________ that are present in a particular
population.
Alleles
In nature, female often do not mate at random but rather actively choose certain males based on
certain characteristics. In some species, males even compete to gain a female's attention. What is this
type of selection called?
Sexual selection
What is an important consequence of gene flow on natural populations?
Gene low tends to reduce genetic differences among populations
Which of the following cannot evolve?
And individual
Genetic variation _______.
Must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
Which phrase best reflects the relationship between natural selection and evolution?
Natural selection is a process that causes evolution to occur
Treehoppers (a type of insect) produce honeydew, which ants use for food. Treehoppers have a major
predator, the jumping spider. Researchers hypothesized that the ants would protect the treehoppers
from the spiders. In an experiment, researchers followed study plots with ants removed from the
system and compared them to a control plot. In the figure above, what can you conclude.
Ants do somehow protect the treehoppers from spiders
In the figure above, which of the arrows represents the carrying capacity of a population?
Arrow C
We discussed the % characteristics that organisms share. In addition to being made of cells, all
organisms....
Process information
Acquire and use energy
Which of the following statements regarding the theory of evolution are true?
Population can evolve in the absence of natural selection
Evolution represents the result of selection for acquired characteristics
and Correct Answers With Verified Solution. 100%
Correct, Latest Updated Fall 2024/2025.
A ___ is a community along with its physical environment.
Ecosystem
By definition, a _____ consists of individuals of the same species that are living in the same area at the
same time.
Population
Parasitic relationships fall under the category of _____.
Consumption
If two species of birds are interacting, and both are experiencing a negative effect on fitness, which
type of interaction is occurring?
Competition
____ is defined as any change in allele frequency in a population that is due to change.
Genetic drift
Which of the above dies not tend to promote speciation?
Gene flow
New evidence suggests that the genetic diversity of the Alaskan gray wolf grew significantly after the
last ice age, when this population was no longer isolated from other populations. This in crease in
genetic diversity is most likely due to ______.
Gene flow
Populations adapt to changing environmental conditions as a result of ______.
Natural selection
A hurricane occurs near a nesting colony of seagulls, killing 98% of them. The surviving population
happens to have longer beaks, on average, than the initial population. If beak length is genetically
determined, what effect has the seagull population experienced from the hurricane.
Genetic drift
Natural selection occurs in a wide variety of patterns. Which of the following modes of selection
changes the average value of a trait?
Directional selection
,Which mode of natural selection is most likely to contribute to speciation?
Disruptive selection
Black-bellied seed crackers have either small beaks (better for eating soft seeds) or large beaks (better
for hard seeds). There are no seeds of intermediate hardness; therefore, which kind of selection acts
on beak size in seed crackers?
Disruptive selection
Most swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing fewer or more than
this have reduced fitness. Which of the terms best describes this situation?
Stabilizing selection
If NASA have you a sample of dust from Mars and asked you to determine whether the sample
contains evidence of life, which of the following would be most effective for you to do?
Use a microscope to observe whether the dust contains cellular structure
Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the distribution of species?
Predation, competition
Which of the following use solar energy or chemical energy contained in reduced inorganic
compounds to manufacture their own food?
Primary producers
A cow eating grass is an example of a ____.
Primary consumer
The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the community's ____.
Trophic structure
Which of the following has the greatest effect on the rate of chemical/nutrient cycling in an
ecosystem?
The rate of decomposition in the ecosystem
The recovery that follows a severe disturbance is called_____.
Succession
Why do moderate levels of disturbance result in an increase in species diversity?
Habitats are opened up for less competitive species
Under which of the following conditions would a population most likely experience exponential
growth?
Young populations with a few individuals
,The theory of evolution by natural selection states:
All species are descended from a common ancestor
The statement "various species of Galapagos finches are adapted to their particular habitats" means:
Different species have traits that increase fitness in a particular environment.
Which of the following is a modern definition of biological evolution?
Evolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population over time
In biology, an adaptation is defined as _____.
A heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment
If you say that a ground squirrels has greater evolutionary fitness than another ground squirrel in the
same population, you mean that the animal_____.
Has more offspring that survive and reproduce themselves
We categorized the different types of evidence for evolution as either demonstrating that species
changed over time, or that species were related by common ancestry. Of the three types of evidence
listed below, which are most directly associated with demonstrating that species change over time?
The fossil records
Direct observation
Which of the following most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth? All organisms
_____.
Use essentially the same genetic code
In evolutionary studies, it is important that data from independent sources agree in supporting
predictions made by a theory. What is this observation called?
Internal consistency
As scientists, we expect the fossil record to be sparse and potentially biased (for a variety of reasons).
Which of these is a valid critique of the general fossil record?
Paleontologists typically only find species that were widespread and/or present on the Earth for long
periods of time
The fossil record provided more information about ancient cockroaches than about recent walking
stick insects. This is likely an example of ______.
Temporal bias
Why do related species share homologous traits?
Related species inherited homologous traits from a common ancestor
Which is an example of a structural homology?
, Vertebrate forelimbs generally have the same number and a similar arrangement of bones
A ______ trait is one that has lost all or most of their original function in a species through evolution.
Vestigial
Genetic variation is the number and relative frequency of ________ that are present in a particular
population.
Alleles
In nature, female often do not mate at random but rather actively choose certain males based on
certain characteristics. In some species, males even compete to gain a female's attention. What is this
type of selection called?
Sexual selection
What is an important consequence of gene flow on natural populations?
Gene low tends to reduce genetic differences among populations
Which of the following cannot evolve?
And individual
Genetic variation _______.
Must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
Which phrase best reflects the relationship between natural selection and evolution?
Natural selection is a process that causes evolution to occur
Treehoppers (a type of insect) produce honeydew, which ants use for food. Treehoppers have a major
predator, the jumping spider. Researchers hypothesized that the ants would protect the treehoppers
from the spiders. In an experiment, researchers followed study plots with ants removed from the
system and compared them to a control plot. In the figure above, what can you conclude.
Ants do somehow protect the treehoppers from spiders
In the figure above, which of the arrows represents the carrying capacity of a population?
Arrow C
We discussed the % characteristics that organisms share. In addition to being made of cells, all
organisms....
Process information
Acquire and use energy
Which of the following statements regarding the theory of evolution are true?
Population can evolve in the absence of natural selection
Evolution represents the result of selection for acquired characteristics
