Final exam, micro 260, LCC
"flesh-eating" bacteria- etiologic agent of necrotizing faciitis - beta hemolytic Gr A strep (strep
pyogenes)
2 enzymes that help a pathogen spread in tissue - kinase, hyalurinidase, collagenase, neuraminidase
2 mechanisms whereby bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics - enzyme that inactivates antibiotic,
alteration of antibiotic binding site, metabolic bypass of inhibited reactions, reduce uptake, efflux
pumps remove abx
2 virulence factors for beta hemolytic Gr A strep (strep pyogenes) - Hemolysins,
hyaluronidase
streptokinase,
M protein,
capsule
2 virulence factors for Staph aureus - Coagulase, TSS toxin 1, enterotoxin
a "pseudomembrane" in the throat is a classic sign of infection with this organism - Corynebacterium
ditheriae
A microbe-host association in which the microbe benefits but the host is unaffected is - commensal
a type of vaccine that contains live organisms - Attenuated vaccine
adaptive immunity - -specific recognition of pathogen
-memory
Advantage and disadvantage of attenuated vaccines - advantage- most effective at inducing life long
immunity
disadvantage- can cause disease in immunocompromised patients, or can revert to virulent form
Advantage and disadvantage of inactivated vaccines. - advantage- safe, cannot cause disease.
disadvantage- weaker immune response, requires boosters
agglutination - they clump particles together so phagocytosis can occur more efficiently
airborne - carried by dust or droplets suspending in the air
An acid- fast organism with a waxy cell wall that enables it to survive inside phagoctes. Still a leading
infectious disease worldwide - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
An example of a fomite would be - a contaminated bedpan
a drinking glass used by patient
bandages from an infected wound cutting board.
, An example of naturally acquired active immunity - actually having had the disease
An example of vehicle transmission - Waterborne, foodborne, or airborne
an inactivated toxin used in vaccines - toxoid
An inanimate object involved in indirect transmission of an infectious agent - fomite
An infection acquired during the course of hospitalization - Nosocomial infection
Antibiotics are not effective after the onset of this stage of whooping cough - stage 3- paroxysmal
stage
Antibodies are secreted by? - plasma cells
antibody - specific immunoglobulin a protein molecule produced in response to antigens
Antibody mediated cytotoxicity - The Fc region of the antibody interacts with eosinophils which
release enzymes and reactive oxygen species to attack parasites
antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity - the aspect of immunity that is mediated by
macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and
certain antimicrobial peptides.
Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity involves - antibodies
antigens
b cells
plasma cells
antigen - a molecule that stimulates an adaptive immune response
are exotoxins found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria? - no false
artificial active immunity - Artificially acquired active immunity can be induced by a vaccine, a
substance that contains antigen. A vaccine stimulates a primary response against the antigen without
causing symptoms of the disease
Artificial passive immunity would result from? - receiving a gamma globulin shot
Associated with miscarriages, stillbirths, sepsis, and meningitis from contaminated dairy products -
Listeria monocytogenes
Autoimmune response following strep throat - Rheumatic fever
B cells - arise from hematopoietic stem cell
b cells mature in the bone marrow responsible for production of glycoproteins called antibodies
B cells - develop in fetal development all receptors unique
"flesh-eating" bacteria- etiologic agent of necrotizing faciitis - beta hemolytic Gr A strep (strep
pyogenes)
2 enzymes that help a pathogen spread in tissue - kinase, hyalurinidase, collagenase, neuraminidase
2 mechanisms whereby bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics - enzyme that inactivates antibiotic,
alteration of antibiotic binding site, metabolic bypass of inhibited reactions, reduce uptake, efflux
pumps remove abx
2 virulence factors for beta hemolytic Gr A strep (strep pyogenes) - Hemolysins,
hyaluronidase
streptokinase,
M protein,
capsule
2 virulence factors for Staph aureus - Coagulase, TSS toxin 1, enterotoxin
a "pseudomembrane" in the throat is a classic sign of infection with this organism - Corynebacterium
ditheriae
A microbe-host association in which the microbe benefits but the host is unaffected is - commensal
a type of vaccine that contains live organisms - Attenuated vaccine
adaptive immunity - -specific recognition of pathogen
-memory
Advantage and disadvantage of attenuated vaccines - advantage- most effective at inducing life long
immunity
disadvantage- can cause disease in immunocompromised patients, or can revert to virulent form
Advantage and disadvantage of inactivated vaccines. - advantage- safe, cannot cause disease.
disadvantage- weaker immune response, requires boosters
agglutination - they clump particles together so phagocytosis can occur more efficiently
airborne - carried by dust or droplets suspending in the air
An acid- fast organism with a waxy cell wall that enables it to survive inside phagoctes. Still a leading
infectious disease worldwide - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
An example of a fomite would be - a contaminated bedpan
a drinking glass used by patient
bandages from an infected wound cutting board.
, An example of naturally acquired active immunity - actually having had the disease
An example of vehicle transmission - Waterborne, foodborne, or airborne
an inactivated toxin used in vaccines - toxoid
An inanimate object involved in indirect transmission of an infectious agent - fomite
An infection acquired during the course of hospitalization - Nosocomial infection
Antibiotics are not effective after the onset of this stage of whooping cough - stage 3- paroxysmal
stage
Antibodies are secreted by? - plasma cells
antibody - specific immunoglobulin a protein molecule produced in response to antigens
Antibody mediated cytotoxicity - The Fc region of the antibody interacts with eosinophils which
release enzymes and reactive oxygen species to attack parasites
antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity - the aspect of immunity that is mediated by
macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and
certain antimicrobial peptides.
Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity involves - antibodies
antigens
b cells
plasma cells
antigen - a molecule that stimulates an adaptive immune response
are exotoxins found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria? - no false
artificial active immunity - Artificially acquired active immunity can be induced by a vaccine, a
substance that contains antigen. A vaccine stimulates a primary response against the antigen without
causing symptoms of the disease
Artificial passive immunity would result from? - receiving a gamma globulin shot
Associated with miscarriages, stillbirths, sepsis, and meningitis from contaminated dairy products -
Listeria monocytogenes
Autoimmune response following strep throat - Rheumatic fever
B cells - arise from hematopoietic stem cell
b cells mature in the bone marrow responsible for production of glycoproteins called antibodies
B cells - develop in fetal development all receptors unique
