BIO 201- Peripheral Nervous
System Question And Answers
Central Nervous System (CNS) - -brain and spinal cord
- Compare and contrast afferent and efferent transmission. - -sensory
(afferent): is all of the nerve pathways carrying signals to the brain or
spinal cord
motor (efferent): consists of all the nerve pathways carrying signals out of
the brain or spinal cord
- Compare and contrast the following receptors, in detail:
a. Alpha 1
b. Alpha 2
c. Beta 1
d. Beta 2 - -alpha 1: more common type of alpha receptor (releases
intracellular calcium ions from reserves in endoplasmic reticulum)
what will this do to the smooth muscle cells in the wall of an artery?
alpha 2: suppresses release of epinephrine (can lead to vasodilation of
blood vessels)
beta 1: increase in heart rate (chronotropy) and strength of contractions
(ionotrophy)
beta 2: triggers relaxation of smooth muscles along respiratory tract and
wall of uterus
- Compare and contrast the locations and functions of nicotinic and
muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Yes, I realize this can get confusing. I
have to keep reviewing it myself, so don't just look at it once and convince
yourself that you understand it! - -nicotinic receptors: on all surface of
ganglion cells (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
*also found at the NEUROMUSCLUAR JUNCTION in the SOMATIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM
muscarinic receptors: at the neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions
(parasympathetic)
*at few cholinergic junctions (sweat glands innervated by the sympathetic
nervous system)
, - Compare and contrast the locations, targets, AND functions of
sympathetic chain ganglia, collateral ganglia, and ganglia found in the
adrenal medulla. - -sympathetic chain ganglia: innervates visceral
effectors via spinal nerves and also innervates visceral organs in the
thoracic cavity via sympathetic nerves
*target organs are visceral effectors in the thoracic cavity, head, body
wall, and limbs
collateral ganglia: innervates visceral effectors in the abdominal cavity
ganglia in adrenal medulla: it secrets neurotransmitters into general
circulation
*targets are organs and systems throughout the body
- Compare and contrast the locations, targets, AND functions of the
ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system. - -ciliary ganglion:
located in the posterior orbit (contains approximately 2500 neurons)
submandibular ganglia: situated above the deep portion of the
submandibular gland (the site of synapse for parasympathetic fibers and
carries other types of nerve fibers that do not synapse in the ganglion)
pterygopalatine ganglia: found in the pterygopalatine fossa (the largest of
the parasympathetic ganglia, supplies glands)
otic ganglia: located immediately below the foramen ovale (innervates the
parotid gland for salivation)
intramural ganglia: embedded in tissues of target organs
- Compare and contrast the somatic and autonomic nervous system in
terms of structure AND function. - -somatic nervous system: voluntary,
single neuron system
autonomic nervous system: involuntary (controls activity of smooth and
cardiac muscles), 2 neurons system (1st: from CNS to ganglion, 2nd: from
ganglion to effector)
- Describe the arrangement, including lengths, of preganglionic and
postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system. - -
preganglionic fibers: LONG (originate in brain stem and sacral segments of
spinal cord)
postganglionic fibers: SHORT
System Question And Answers
Central Nervous System (CNS) - -brain and spinal cord
- Compare and contrast afferent and efferent transmission. - -sensory
(afferent): is all of the nerve pathways carrying signals to the brain or
spinal cord
motor (efferent): consists of all the nerve pathways carrying signals out of
the brain or spinal cord
- Compare and contrast the following receptors, in detail:
a. Alpha 1
b. Alpha 2
c. Beta 1
d. Beta 2 - -alpha 1: more common type of alpha receptor (releases
intracellular calcium ions from reserves in endoplasmic reticulum)
what will this do to the smooth muscle cells in the wall of an artery?
alpha 2: suppresses release of epinephrine (can lead to vasodilation of
blood vessels)
beta 1: increase in heart rate (chronotropy) and strength of contractions
(ionotrophy)
beta 2: triggers relaxation of smooth muscles along respiratory tract and
wall of uterus
- Compare and contrast the locations and functions of nicotinic and
muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Yes, I realize this can get confusing. I
have to keep reviewing it myself, so don't just look at it once and convince
yourself that you understand it! - -nicotinic receptors: on all surface of
ganglion cells (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
*also found at the NEUROMUSCLUAR JUNCTION in the SOMATIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM
muscarinic receptors: at the neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions
(parasympathetic)
*at few cholinergic junctions (sweat glands innervated by the sympathetic
nervous system)
, - Compare and contrast the locations, targets, AND functions of
sympathetic chain ganglia, collateral ganglia, and ganglia found in the
adrenal medulla. - -sympathetic chain ganglia: innervates visceral
effectors via spinal nerves and also innervates visceral organs in the
thoracic cavity via sympathetic nerves
*target organs are visceral effectors in the thoracic cavity, head, body
wall, and limbs
collateral ganglia: innervates visceral effectors in the abdominal cavity
ganglia in adrenal medulla: it secrets neurotransmitters into general
circulation
*targets are organs and systems throughout the body
- Compare and contrast the locations, targets, AND functions of the
ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system. - -ciliary ganglion:
located in the posterior orbit (contains approximately 2500 neurons)
submandibular ganglia: situated above the deep portion of the
submandibular gland (the site of synapse for parasympathetic fibers and
carries other types of nerve fibers that do not synapse in the ganglion)
pterygopalatine ganglia: found in the pterygopalatine fossa (the largest of
the parasympathetic ganglia, supplies glands)
otic ganglia: located immediately below the foramen ovale (innervates the
parotid gland for salivation)
intramural ganglia: embedded in tissues of target organs
- Compare and contrast the somatic and autonomic nervous system in
terms of structure AND function. - -somatic nervous system: voluntary,
single neuron system
autonomic nervous system: involuntary (controls activity of smooth and
cardiac muscles), 2 neurons system (1st: from CNS to ganglion, 2nd: from
ganglion to effector)
- Describe the arrangement, including lengths, of preganglionic and
postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system. - -
preganglionic fibers: LONG (originate in brain stem and sacral segments of
spinal cord)
postganglionic fibers: SHORT
