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NR566-ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR CARE OF
THE FAMILY, PHARMACOLOGY REVIEW / FNP
REVIEW EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024-2025 WITH 450
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) [ALREADY GRADED A+]
Sulfonamides Hyper Sensitivity Reaction - The most severe
hypersensitivity response to sulfonamides is Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Sulfonamide Patient Teaching for PO Doses - Patients taking PO doses
should drink at least 8 to 10 glasses of water or other noncaffeinated fluids
per day to decrease the risk for crystalluria. (Caffeine may be taken in
addition to the other fluids.)
Sulfonamide Patient Teaching for Photosensitivity - To prevent
photosensitivity reactions, advise patients to avoid prolonged exposure to
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sunlight, to wear protective clothing, and to apply sunscreen to exposed
skin. Tanning beds are to be avoided.
Sulfonamide Renal Contraindication - contraindicated for patients with
severe renal disease. For patients with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 15
to 30 mL/minute, providers should prescribe 50% of the typical
recommended dose.
Sulfonamides Contraindications - NOT PREGNANCY SAFE
nursing mothers, pregnant women in the first trimester and also those near
term, and infants younger than 2 months; G6PD deficiency.
Sulfonamide Baseline Data - Urinalysis (if UTI is suspected) with culture
and sensitivity as indicated; complete blood count (CBC) with white cell
differential; Renal Function
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Trimethroprim MOA - inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, the enzyme that
converts dihydrofolate to its active form: tetrahydrofolate. suppresses the
bacterial synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Sulfonamide Use in Infants/Pregnancy >32weeks/Breastfeeding - Because
of the risk for kernicterus, should not be administered to infants younger
than 2 months, should not be given to pregnant patients after 32 weeks of
gestation or to those who are breastfeeding
Trimethoprim Adverse Event - -HYPERKALEMIA: suppresses renal
excretion of potassium; must be checked 4 days after starting treatment.-
itching and rash
-GI reactions
Trimethroprim Hematologic Effects - megaloblastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia—occur only in individuals with
preexisting folic acid deficiency.
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*Caution in dosing w/ Folic Acid Deficiency* (patients with alcoholism or
debilitation and in women who are pregnant).
Trimethrorim and Pregnancy/Breastfeeding - -prudence dictates avoiding
its routine use during pregnancy;
-excreted in breast milk and may interfere with folic acid utilization by the
nursing infant.
-should be administered with caution to women who are breastfeeding.
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) MOA - inhibiting consecutive
steps in the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate: SMZ acts first to inhibit
incorporation of PABA into folate; TMP then inhibits dihydrofolate
reductase, the enzyme that converts dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) Susceptibility - 80% of urinary
tract pathogens are susceptible.
NR566-ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR CARE OF
THE FAMILY, PHARMACOLOGY REVIEW / FNP
REVIEW EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024-2025 WITH 450
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) [ALREADY GRADED A+]
Sulfonamides Hyper Sensitivity Reaction - The most severe
hypersensitivity response to sulfonamides is Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Sulfonamide Patient Teaching for PO Doses - Patients taking PO doses
should drink at least 8 to 10 glasses of water or other noncaffeinated fluids
per day to decrease the risk for crystalluria. (Caffeine may be taken in
addition to the other fluids.)
Sulfonamide Patient Teaching for Photosensitivity - To prevent
photosensitivity reactions, advise patients to avoid prolonged exposure to
,2|Page
sunlight, to wear protective clothing, and to apply sunscreen to exposed
skin. Tanning beds are to be avoided.
Sulfonamide Renal Contraindication - contraindicated for patients with
severe renal disease. For patients with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 15
to 30 mL/minute, providers should prescribe 50% of the typical
recommended dose.
Sulfonamides Contraindications - NOT PREGNANCY SAFE
nursing mothers, pregnant women in the first trimester and also those near
term, and infants younger than 2 months; G6PD deficiency.
Sulfonamide Baseline Data - Urinalysis (if UTI is suspected) with culture
and sensitivity as indicated; complete blood count (CBC) with white cell
differential; Renal Function
,3|Page
Trimethroprim MOA - inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, the enzyme that
converts dihydrofolate to its active form: tetrahydrofolate. suppresses the
bacterial synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Sulfonamide Use in Infants/Pregnancy >32weeks/Breastfeeding - Because
of the risk for kernicterus, should not be administered to infants younger
than 2 months, should not be given to pregnant patients after 32 weeks of
gestation or to those who are breastfeeding
Trimethoprim Adverse Event - -HYPERKALEMIA: suppresses renal
excretion of potassium; must be checked 4 days after starting treatment.-
itching and rash
-GI reactions
Trimethroprim Hematologic Effects - megaloblastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia—occur only in individuals with
preexisting folic acid deficiency.
, 4|Page
*Caution in dosing w/ Folic Acid Deficiency* (patients with alcoholism or
debilitation and in women who are pregnant).
Trimethrorim and Pregnancy/Breastfeeding - -prudence dictates avoiding
its routine use during pregnancy;
-excreted in breast milk and may interfere with folic acid utilization by the
nursing infant.
-should be administered with caution to women who are breastfeeding.
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) MOA - inhibiting consecutive
steps in the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate: SMZ acts first to inhibit
incorporation of PABA into folate; TMP then inhibits dihydrofolate
reductase, the enzyme that converts dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) Susceptibility - 80% of urinary
tract pathogens are susceptible.
