ACS Organic Chemistry

ACS Organic Chemistry First Semester
Final Exam Study Guide

-al
-ol or hydroxy-
-one
-oic acid
-oate
-ether or alkoxy-
Iodo- or Bromo- etc.
-amide
Amino- or -amine - Aldehyde
Alcohol
Ketone
Carboxylic acid
Ester
Ether
Alkyl halides
Amide
Amine

All other things being equal, is a lone pair more stable in an sp, sp2 or sp3 orbital? How does this
influence acidity? - sp>sp2>sp3 because a lone pair is more stable in s orbitals than p orbitals

Hs on sp hybridized atoms are more stable with the resultant lone pair, and therefore more acidic

Aniline - Ring + NH2

Benzyl vs. phenyl - Benzyl: ring + CH2
Phenyl: ring

Can ethers be hydrolyzed in mildly acidic conditions? - No

Can NaBH4 reduce carboxylic acids/esters? - No

cis - Same

Conformations vs. Configurations - Conformations refer to the same molecule rotated around single
bonds, such as chair conformations. Configurations refer to different stereoisomers wherein
conversion from one to another would require the breaking of bonds.

Constitutional Isomer - A compound with the same atoms but different atoms bonded to each other