Biology 250 Final Exam Revision Questions with
Correct Answers 2024/2025
which of the following is used to sterilize items that should not, or cannot, be exposed to heat or water?
- -✓ethylene oxide
A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound and that must be administered by
injection. Which of the following would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile
solution of the new medication? - -✓filtration
Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization? - -✓endospores are
very hard to destroy
which of the following is an example of pasteurization? - -✓heat is used to kill potential pathogens in
apple juice
which is CORRECT regarding the rate of microbial death? - -✓cells in a culture die at a constant rate?
which of the following factors will influence the action of antimicrobial agents? - -✓- the number of
microorganisms
-the type of microorganisms present
- temperature and ph
- mode and dosage of the agent
which of the following is NOT a target of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis? - -✓interference with
alanine - alanine bridges in tetrapeptide
an antibiotic is - -✓a naturally occurring compound that kills microbes or inhibits their growth
,An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following? - -✓cells become
more susceptible to osmotic pressure
which of the following is NOT an approach to combat drug-resistant bacteria? - -✓flood a patients
system with healthy bacteria to quickly remove access to nutrients and starve the pathogen
the mechanism of action of the antibiotic rifampin (used to treat tuberculosis infections) is - -✓inhibition
of nucleic acid synthesis
the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial amphotericin B id - -✓disruption of the cytoplasmic
membrane
which of the following statements about drug resistance is INCORRECT? - -✓it is not found in gram-
positive bacteria
drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when - -✓exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells,
allowing overgrowth of resistant cells
a compound is extracted from a microbial culture and is modified in the laboratory for use as an oral
medication. This product would be a - -✓semisynthetic antimicrobial
Which group of synthetic antimicrobials act as anti-metabolic drugs because they are structural analogs
of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)? - -✓sulfonamides
which group of antimicrobials prevent the formation of a peptide bond in protein synthesis? - -
✓chloramphenicol
microbes known as resident microbiota are - -✓microorganisms that remain with the person throughout
most of their life
Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission - -✓involves
reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission
, the incidence (new cases) of scarlet fever in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases.
This means - -✓there were 12.43 new cases of scarlet fever for every 100,000 people in the United
States in the year 2000
which of then following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal microbiota? - -
✓microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy
a potential antimicrobial drug is tested and found to strip away the capsules made by certain pathogenic
bacteria. How would this drug affect the bacteria's ability to cause disease? - -✓the phagocytes would be
better able to ingest the bacteria
properties that contribute to virulence - -✓are determined by both the microbe and the host, and may
evolve over time.
the bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled from the lungs by a cough and remain viable in
the air for an hour or more. If a person inhales the bacteria from the air, then _______ transmission has
occurred - -✓airborne
inanimate objects involved in the indirect transmission of pathogens are called - -✓fomites
rickettsia prowazekii causes epidemic typhus, which is also called louse -borne typhus because the
disease is transmitted by human body louse, pedicures humans. The body louse serves as a - -✓reservoir
Exotoxins are ________, but endotoxins are ________. - -✓proteins; lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein
complexes
which type of bacterial toxin is matched iNCORRECTLY with its description? - -✓toxemia: a toxin
produced during a viral infection
which of the following statements regarding the demostration of the etiology of disease is FALSE? - -
✓the suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen present in disease cases
Correct Answers 2024/2025
which of the following is used to sterilize items that should not, or cannot, be exposed to heat or water?
- -✓ethylene oxide
A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound and that must be administered by
injection. Which of the following would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile
solution of the new medication? - -✓filtration
Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization? - -✓endospores are
very hard to destroy
which of the following is an example of pasteurization? - -✓heat is used to kill potential pathogens in
apple juice
which is CORRECT regarding the rate of microbial death? - -✓cells in a culture die at a constant rate?
which of the following factors will influence the action of antimicrobial agents? - -✓- the number of
microorganisms
-the type of microorganisms present
- temperature and ph
- mode and dosage of the agent
which of the following is NOT a target of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis? - -✓interference with
alanine - alanine bridges in tetrapeptide
an antibiotic is - -✓a naturally occurring compound that kills microbes or inhibits their growth
,An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following? - -✓cells become
more susceptible to osmotic pressure
which of the following is NOT an approach to combat drug-resistant bacteria? - -✓flood a patients
system with healthy bacteria to quickly remove access to nutrients and starve the pathogen
the mechanism of action of the antibiotic rifampin (used to treat tuberculosis infections) is - -✓inhibition
of nucleic acid synthesis
the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial amphotericin B id - -✓disruption of the cytoplasmic
membrane
which of the following statements about drug resistance is INCORRECT? - -✓it is not found in gram-
positive bacteria
drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when - -✓exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells,
allowing overgrowth of resistant cells
a compound is extracted from a microbial culture and is modified in the laboratory for use as an oral
medication. This product would be a - -✓semisynthetic antimicrobial
Which group of synthetic antimicrobials act as anti-metabolic drugs because they are structural analogs
of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)? - -✓sulfonamides
which group of antimicrobials prevent the formation of a peptide bond in protein synthesis? - -
✓chloramphenicol
microbes known as resident microbiota are - -✓microorganisms that remain with the person throughout
most of their life
Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission - -✓involves
reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission
, the incidence (new cases) of scarlet fever in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases.
This means - -✓there were 12.43 new cases of scarlet fever for every 100,000 people in the United
States in the year 2000
which of then following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal microbiota? - -
✓microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy
a potential antimicrobial drug is tested and found to strip away the capsules made by certain pathogenic
bacteria. How would this drug affect the bacteria's ability to cause disease? - -✓the phagocytes would be
better able to ingest the bacteria
properties that contribute to virulence - -✓are determined by both the microbe and the host, and may
evolve over time.
the bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled from the lungs by a cough and remain viable in
the air for an hour or more. If a person inhales the bacteria from the air, then _______ transmission has
occurred - -✓airborne
inanimate objects involved in the indirect transmission of pathogens are called - -✓fomites
rickettsia prowazekii causes epidemic typhus, which is also called louse -borne typhus because the
disease is transmitted by human body louse, pedicures humans. The body louse serves as a - -✓reservoir
Exotoxins are ________, but endotoxins are ________. - -✓proteins; lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein
complexes
which type of bacterial toxin is matched iNCORRECTLY with its description? - -✓toxemia: a toxin
produced during a viral infection
which of the following statements regarding the demostration of the etiology of disease is FALSE? - -
✓the suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen present in disease cases
