Bio 169 Exam 4 (Answered) 194 Questions and Correct Answers With Complete Verified
Solution. Latest Update Fall 2024/2025. 100% Correct.
In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest?
Tip of the loop of Henle
What percent of filtrate becomes urine?
Less than 1%
Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the _________blank.
collecting duct
Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?
Urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid
Which type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?
Transitional epithelium
Why is the external urinary sphincter under conscious control?
It is made of skeletal muscle.
Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _________blank by the process of active transport.
distal convoluted tubule
Urine concentration and volume depend on water reabsorption in the _________blank.
distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
Which type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?
Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli
The urinary bladder
stores urine until it is voided.
Angiotensin II
stimulates aldosterone secretion.
Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in _________blank.
water content
With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results
in
uncontrollable micturition.
,Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by
increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for Na+.
In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,
K+K+ and Cl−Cl− are cotransported with Na+Na+ across the apical membrane.
A 15% increase in blood pressure would result in which of the following changes in ADH
secretion?
Decreased secretion
Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water
while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
Collecting duct
Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _________blank than the glomerular
filtrate.
protein
If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of
_________blank.
water
Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that
tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from
the filtrate.
Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified
as _________blank.
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Urea is
diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into
the descending loop of Henle.
Choose the one that does not belong.
Glomerulus
When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,
the excess remains in the urine.
The juxtamedullary nephrons
have long loops of Henle.
, Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as
needed in response to changes in blood pressure. This process of autoregulation is called the
__________.
myogenic mechanism
In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation, what is the response to an increase in blood
pressure in the afferent arteriole?
Constriction of the afferent arteriole
Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in
increased renin secretion.
Arrange the following structures in correct sequence for urine flow.
(1) Ureter(2) Renal pelvis(3) Calyx(4) Urinary bladder(5) Urethra
3, 2, 1, 4, 5
Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the
filtration membrane into Bowman capsule?
Glomerular capillary pressure
Urine formation involves
filtration of the plasma.
secretion into the filtrate.
reabsorption from the filtrate.
All of the choices are correct.
The renal corpuscle consists of
the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the _________blank.
ureter
Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, K+K+ and Cl−Cl− cross the basal membrane into
the interstitial fluid by the process of _________blank.
facilitated diffusion
When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they
respond by
decreasing renin secretion.
As ADH production declines,
Solution. Latest Update Fall 2024/2025. 100% Correct.
In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest?
Tip of the loop of Henle
What percent of filtrate becomes urine?
Less than 1%
Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the _________blank.
collecting duct
Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?
Urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid
Which type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?
Transitional epithelium
Why is the external urinary sphincter under conscious control?
It is made of skeletal muscle.
Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _________blank by the process of active transport.
distal convoluted tubule
Urine concentration and volume depend on water reabsorption in the _________blank.
distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
Which type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?
Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli
The urinary bladder
stores urine until it is voided.
Angiotensin II
stimulates aldosterone secretion.
Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in _________blank.
water content
With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results
in
uncontrollable micturition.
,Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by
increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for Na+.
In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,
K+K+ and Cl−Cl− are cotransported with Na+Na+ across the apical membrane.
A 15% increase in blood pressure would result in which of the following changes in ADH
secretion?
Decreased secretion
Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water
while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
Collecting duct
Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _________blank than the glomerular
filtrate.
protein
If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of
_________blank.
water
Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that
tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from
the filtrate.
Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified
as _________blank.
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Urea is
diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into
the descending loop of Henle.
Choose the one that does not belong.
Glomerulus
When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,
the excess remains in the urine.
The juxtamedullary nephrons
have long loops of Henle.
, Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as
needed in response to changes in blood pressure. This process of autoregulation is called the
__________.
myogenic mechanism
In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation, what is the response to an increase in blood
pressure in the afferent arteriole?
Constriction of the afferent arteriole
Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in
increased renin secretion.
Arrange the following structures in correct sequence for urine flow.
(1) Ureter(2) Renal pelvis(3) Calyx(4) Urinary bladder(5) Urethra
3, 2, 1, 4, 5
Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the
filtration membrane into Bowman capsule?
Glomerular capillary pressure
Urine formation involves
filtration of the plasma.
secretion into the filtrate.
reabsorption from the filtrate.
All of the choices are correct.
The renal corpuscle consists of
the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the _________blank.
ureter
Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, K+K+ and Cl−Cl− cross the basal membrane into
the interstitial fluid by the process of _________blank.
facilitated diffusion
When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they
respond by
decreasing renin secretion.
As ADH production declines,
