Exam 4 BIO 169 (Answered) 129 Questions and Correct Answers, Latest Update Fall
2024/2025. 100% Correct With Verified Solution.
The interstitial fluid within the medulla has a __________________ osmolarity than the
interstitial fluid within the cortex.
higher
The vasa recta is a specialized capillary that branches from the ___________ arteriole. The
blood flow in the vasa recta runs _______________ to the flow of tubular filtrate within the
nephron loop.
efferent; parallel, but in the opposite direction
Individuals with Bartter syndrome have a defective gene coding for Na+/K+/2Cl- symport
(NKCC2) that disables it from functioning. These individuals are expected to have
___________ than normal blood potassium levels. This response is the ___________ what is
expected from individuals taking prescribed loop diuretics.
lower; same as
The nephron loop is responsible for approximately 25% of the reabsorption of sodium. Loop
diuretics cause an overall __________________ in the reabsorption of sodium in this region
resulting in a/n ________________________ in the osmolarity of the tubular filtrate.
decrease; increase
Decreased Na+ and water reabsorption due to the use of loop diuretics and thiazides
__________ the concentration gradient of the interstitial fluid, thereby _____________ the
osmotic force at the collecting tubule and duct.
lowers; reducing
The majority of sodium reabsorption occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule. During this
process sodium enters the tubule cells at the ___________________ and exits the tubule cells
at the ____________________.
luminal membrane by facilitated diffusion; basolateral membrane through the sodium
potassium pump
Glucose that is reabsorbed into tubular cells travels __________ its concentration gradient
through sodium-glucose symport channels at the luminal membrane. Glucose in tubular cells
exits the basolateral membrane into interstitial fluid through the process of
______________________.
against; facilitated diffusion
, Under normal conditions, the majority of uric acid reabsorption occurs at the
_______________________.
proximal convoluted tubule
Treatment with Probenecid® results in _________________ levels of uric acid in the urine and
__________________ levels of uric acid in the blood.
increased; decreased
Inactivating the sodium-glucose symport SGLT2 inhibits the reabsorption of glucose by
preventing glucose from entering the tubular cells.
Inhibiting the sodium-glucose symport SGLT2 is expected to cause a/an
__________________________ in the osmolarity of the tubular filtrate, and would thus
_____________________ the risk of dehydration.
increase; increase
Filtration is a/an __________ process that depends on a __________ gradient.
passive; pressure
When systemic blood pressure decreases, the result is that the __________ arterioles change
diameter by undergoing __________.
afferent; vasodilation
An increase in the NFP would result in a(n) _______________ in the GFR.
increase
Renin is released in response to ________________________ stimulation.
sympathetic
Angiotensin II triggers the __________________________ of the intraglomerular mesangial
cells which results in a/an _______________________________ of the filtration surface area.
contraction; decrease
ACE inhibitors are prescribed to control blood pressure. These drugs work by reducing
the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
If both the glomerular and capsular hydrostatic pressures remain unchanged, an increase in
the blood colloid osmotic pressure results in a/an _____________ in the net filtration
pressure.
decrease
Which of the following forces oppose glomerular filtration?
2024/2025. 100% Correct With Verified Solution.
The interstitial fluid within the medulla has a __________________ osmolarity than the
interstitial fluid within the cortex.
higher
The vasa recta is a specialized capillary that branches from the ___________ arteriole. The
blood flow in the vasa recta runs _______________ to the flow of tubular filtrate within the
nephron loop.
efferent; parallel, but in the opposite direction
Individuals with Bartter syndrome have a defective gene coding for Na+/K+/2Cl- symport
(NKCC2) that disables it from functioning. These individuals are expected to have
___________ than normal blood potassium levels. This response is the ___________ what is
expected from individuals taking prescribed loop diuretics.
lower; same as
The nephron loop is responsible for approximately 25% of the reabsorption of sodium. Loop
diuretics cause an overall __________________ in the reabsorption of sodium in this region
resulting in a/n ________________________ in the osmolarity of the tubular filtrate.
decrease; increase
Decreased Na+ and water reabsorption due to the use of loop diuretics and thiazides
__________ the concentration gradient of the interstitial fluid, thereby _____________ the
osmotic force at the collecting tubule and duct.
lowers; reducing
The majority of sodium reabsorption occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule. During this
process sodium enters the tubule cells at the ___________________ and exits the tubule cells
at the ____________________.
luminal membrane by facilitated diffusion; basolateral membrane through the sodium
potassium pump
Glucose that is reabsorbed into tubular cells travels __________ its concentration gradient
through sodium-glucose symport channels at the luminal membrane. Glucose in tubular cells
exits the basolateral membrane into interstitial fluid through the process of
______________________.
against; facilitated diffusion
, Under normal conditions, the majority of uric acid reabsorption occurs at the
_______________________.
proximal convoluted tubule
Treatment with Probenecid® results in _________________ levels of uric acid in the urine and
__________________ levels of uric acid in the blood.
increased; decreased
Inactivating the sodium-glucose symport SGLT2 inhibits the reabsorption of glucose by
preventing glucose from entering the tubular cells.
Inhibiting the sodium-glucose symport SGLT2 is expected to cause a/an
__________________________ in the osmolarity of the tubular filtrate, and would thus
_____________________ the risk of dehydration.
increase; increase
Filtration is a/an __________ process that depends on a __________ gradient.
passive; pressure
When systemic blood pressure decreases, the result is that the __________ arterioles change
diameter by undergoing __________.
afferent; vasodilation
An increase in the NFP would result in a(n) _______________ in the GFR.
increase
Renin is released in response to ________________________ stimulation.
sympathetic
Angiotensin II triggers the __________________________ of the intraglomerular mesangial
cells which results in a/an _______________________________ of the filtration surface area.
contraction; decrease
ACE inhibitors are prescribed to control blood pressure. These drugs work by reducing
the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
If both the glomerular and capsular hydrostatic pressures remain unchanged, an increase in
the blood colloid osmotic pressure results in a/an _____________ in the net filtration
pressure.
decrease
Which of the following forces oppose glomerular filtration?
